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This book expounds on progress made over the last 35 years in the theory, synthesis, and application of triboluminescence for creating smart structures. It presents in detail the research into utilization of the triboluminescent properties of certain crystals as new sensor systems for smart engineering structures, as well as triboluminescence-based sensor systems that have the potential to enable wireless, in-situ, real time and distributed (WIRD) structural health monitoring of composite structures. The sensor component of any structural health monitoring (SHM) technology — measures the effects of the external load/event and provides the necessary inputs for appropriate preventive/corrective action to be taken in a smart structure — sits at the heart of such a system. This volume explores advances in materials properties and structural behavior underlying creation of smart composite structures and sensor systems for structural health monitoring of critical engineering structures, such as bridges, aircrafts, and wind blades. Compiles in one volume a collection of the most up-to-date knowledge on triboluminescence phenomenon; Elucidates advances in development of more-efficient (and new) triboluminescent materials and sensor system innovation; Presents information on triboluminescence relevant to engineers and scientists across a range of fields, including aerospace, defense, civil infrastructure, and wind energy; Facilitates readers’ understanding of a range of phenomena with concise treatments of topics.

Mathematics --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Mechanical properties of solids --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- Materials processing --- Applied physical engineering --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Building materials. Building technology --- Structural parts and elements of building --- Civil engineering. Building industry --- Conservation. Restoration --- onderhoud --- composieten --- patroonherkenning --- corrosiepreventie --- tribologie --- herstellingen --- materiaalproductie --- bouwkunde --- materialen (technologie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- dynamica --- corrosie --- optica

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Whereas the Green Revolution of the 1960’s and 1970’s in South Asia and elsewhere did not happen in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), several regions of SSA have experienced substantial improvements in crop yields and growth in agricultural production since the beginning of the 21st century. Yet, no drastic increase in per capita food grain production has occurred, primarily because of rapid rates of population growth. On the contrary, per capita food production has decreased in East Africa, Southern Africa and Central Africa. Thus, hunger, malnutrition and poverty remain endemic throughout SSA. Agriculture in SSA is vulnerable to harsh and uncertain climate variations. Resource-poor and small landholders are particularly susceptible to their negative impacts. SSA is one of the global hotspots for adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production and the environment. These include severe problems of soil degradation, nutrient and organic matter depletion, water contamination and eutrophication, and loss of biodiversity, especially the below-ground’s diversity. Thus sustainable intensification (SI) can play an important role in enhancing agricultural production while restoring degraded/desertified soils, mitigating global warming by sequestering atmospheric CO2 in soils and vegetation (forests), adapting to climate change by using recommended management practices of the so called “climate-resilient” or “climate-strategic” agriculture, improving farm income, and empowering women and other under-privileged populations. The relevance of SI is more now than ever before because of decreasing per capita arable land area, competing uses of land for non-agricultural purposes, increasing risks of land/soil degradation, and changing and uncertain climate. Resource-poor and smallholder farmers of SSA neither have the capacity to adapt nor have the resilience to recover.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Pedology --- Production management --- bodemkunde --- bodembescherming --- milieubeleid --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- klimaatverandering --- broeikaseffect --- Africa