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The Contingent Nature of Life : Bioethics and Limits of Human Existence
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ISBN: 9781402067624 9781402067648 1402067623 Year: 2008 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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Life and nature are imperfect, uncontrollable, and largely (and perhaps permanently) unknowable, that is to say: contingent. The contingency of life is a significant challenge for medicine and technology. Life sciences seem to broaden the possibilities of control to an extent that the contingency of life and nature is no longer self-evident. This very broad statement raises a lot of serious questions. Is it a valid diagnosis? Are the life sciences really defying the contingency of our existence? Or are we simply manipulated by utopian promises? And if contingency is really being challenged, why should we worry about it? Is contingency essential for a meaningful life and way of life? This volume explores the different ways in which the contingency of life, and especially human life, is relevant for ethical discussions and the normative frameworks of bioethics. It explores the relevance of the notion of contingency, and the desire for moral argumentation within bioethics. The authors discuss these notions from a philosophical perspective, paying special attention to the impact of life sciences on people with disabilities and to intercultural perspectives on bioethical debates. The volume also contributes to a deeper reflection on the basic philosophical assumptions of bioethics.


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15 jaar raadgevend comité voor bio-ethiek : terugblik en perspectieven.
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ISBN: 9789401403146 Year: 2012 Publisher: Tielt : LannooCampus,


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Philosophical reflections on disability
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ISBN: 9789048124763 9789048124770 Year: 2010 Volume: 104 Publisher: Dordrecht New York Springer

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This project draws together the diverse strands of the debate regarding disability in a way never before combined in a single volume. After providing a representative sampling of competing philosophical approaches to the conceptualization of disability as such, the volume goes on to address such themes as the complex interplay between disability and quality of life, questions of social justice as it relates to disability, and the personal dimensions of the disability experience. By explicitly locating the discussion of various applied ethical questions within the broader theoretical context of how disability is best conceptualized, the volume seeks to bridge the gap between abstract philosophical musings about the nature of disease, illness and disability found in much of the philosophy of medicine literature, on the one hand, and the comparatively concrete but less philosophical discourse frequently encountered in much of the disability studies literature. It also critically examines various claims advanced by disability advocates, as well as those of their critics. In bringing together leading scholars in the fields of moral theory, bioethics, and disability studies, this volume makes a unique contribution to the scholarly literature, while also offering a valuable resource to instructors and students interested in a text that critically examines and assesses various approaches to some of the most vexing problems in contemporary social and political philosophy.


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Human capacities and moral status
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ISBN: 9789048185368 9789048185375 Year: 2010 Volume: 108 Publisher: Dordrecht New York Springer

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Many debates about the moral status of things for example, debates about the natural rights of human fetuses or nonhuman animals eventually migrate towards a discussion of the capacities of the things in question for example, their capacities to feel pain, think, or love. Yet the move towards capacities is often controversial: if a human's capacities are the basis of its moral status, how could a human having lesser capacities than you and I have the same "serious" moral status as you and I? This book answers this question by arguing that if something is human, it has a set of typical human capacities; that if something has a set of typical human capacities, it has serious moral status; and thus all human beings have the same sort of serious moral status as you and I. Beginning from what our common intuitions tell us about situations involving "temporary incapacitation" where a human organism has, then loses, then regains a certain capacity this book argues for substantive conclusions regarding human fetuses and embryos, humans in a permanent vegetative state, humans suffering from brain diseases, and humans born with genetic disorders. Since these conclusions must have some impact on our ongoing moral and political debates about the proper treatment of such humans, this book will be useful to professionals and students in philosophy, bioethics, law, medicine, and public policy.

Establishing medical reality : essays in the metaphysics and epistemology of biomedical science
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ISBN: 9781402052163 9781402052156 1402052154 Year: 2007 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer

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Medicine raises numerous philosophical issues. Most discussed have been debates in bioethics. Yet contemporary medicine is also a rich source of controversies and examples that raise important issues in philosophy of science, philosophy of biology, and metaphysics. This volume approaches the philosophy of medicine from the broad naturalist perspective that holds that philosophy must be continuous with, constrained by, and relevant to empirical results of the natural and social sciences and that believes that the history, sociology, politics, and ethics of science provide relevant information for philosophical analysis. One traditional topic covered by several of the contributions is the nature of disease, but the approach is largely from the philosophy of science rather than traditional linguistic analysis. The complex interplay of epistemological and sociological factors in producing evidence in medicine is discussed by chapters on collective medical discussion making, experimental medicine, " genetic" diseases, mental illness, and race and gender categories. The upshot is a volume that ties medicine to contemporary issues in philosophy of science and metaphysics like no other. ˜ ¦An excellent collection of essays in the philosophy of medicine. Whereas most philosophical work about medicine has been concerned with medical ethics, this volume focuses more on key questions in epistemology and metaphysics, although many of these are also relevant to ethical issues. Some of the chapters are among the best I have read in the philosophy of medicine on their respective topics.' Professor Paul Thagard, Philosophy Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada


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The Ethics of Research Biobanking
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ISBN: 9780387938721 9780387938714 0387938710 0387938729 Year: 2009 Publisher: Boston MA Springer US Imprint Springer

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The Ethics of Research Biobanking investigates some of the ethical, legal and social challenges raised by research biobanking. In the first part of the book the authors pursue the different regulatory options envisaged within a normative terrain dictated by different conceptions and interpretations of the informed consent doctrine. In the second part a completely new approach is explored. The authors investigate the conceptual potential of different analogies outside medical research used to depict people's change and exchange of valuables between themselves and a common institution. The book is aimed at both academic and professional audiences (biobank curators, biobank researchers, ethicists, gene-epidemiologists, health law experts, philosophers, social scientists and advanced and graduate students in the relevant disciplines) as well as health and research regulators, ministries, politicians and the general public.


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Quo Vadis Medical Healing : Past Concepts and New Approaches
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ISBN: 9781402089411 1402089414 1402089422 9781402089428 9048180317 9786611954680 1281954683 Year: 2009 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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Medical healing implies knowledge of the assumptions that underlie our understanding of "health," and, concomitantly, how we define well being and its opposites, illness and disease. Today, health, health care (business, wellness, recreation), and medicine (especially research-driven scientific medicine) have become separate entities with different institutions, budgets, marketing philosophies and "corporate cultures". Furthermore, healing is individual and subjective, yet at the same time also culturally determined. The present volume brings together papers on these topics in an unique interdisciplinary approach. The book provides an ethical framework for healthcare from a political perspective. It discusses definitions of the terminology of healing and health and their ethical and medical implications including their historical contexts. A separate section expands the theme of the cultural constructedness of healing by the concepts of traditional Chinese medicine and homeopathy. Modern medicine has a strong focus on acute care, which urgently needs to place greater emphasis on preventive medicine including the crucial importance of social factors on health and on the emergence of "public health". The point of view of Business Concepts, their potential and limitations are by no means neglected and the legal ramifications of genetic research and innovative medical strategies with regard to some of our most foundational notions are discussed.


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Abortion and the moral significance of merely possible persons : finding middle ground in hard cases
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ISBN: 9789048137916 9789048137923 Year: 2010 Volume: 107 Publisher: Dordrecht New York Springer

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This book has two main goals. The first is to give an account, called Variabilism, of the moral significance of merely possible persons persons who, relative to a particular circumstance, or possible future or world, could but in fact never do exist. The second is to use Variabilism to illuminate abortion. According to Variabilism, merely possible persons just like anyone else matter morally but matter variably. Where we understand that a person incurs a loss whenever agents could have created more wellbeing for that person and instead create less, Variabilism asserts that the moral significance of any loss is a function of where that loss is incurred in relation to the person who incurs it. That is: a loss incurred at a world where the person who incurs that loss does or will exist has full more significance, according to Variabilism, while a loss incurred by that same person at a world where that person never exists at all has no moral significance whatsoever. Some other views deem all merely possible persons and all of their losses to matter morally. Still other views deem no merely possible persons and none of their losses to matter morally. Variabilism, instead, takes a middle ground between these two extreme positions. It thus opens the door to a certain middle ground on procreative choice in general and abortion in particular. Thus, given that, for persons, thinking and coming into existence come together, Variabilism supports the argument that the early abortion is ordinarily permissible when it is what the woman wants. That is so, since the loss incurred when, as an effect of the early abortion, a given person is never brought into existence to begin with has no moral significance at all. In contrast, the late abortion is ordinarily subject to a different analysis. For the loss incurred in that case has full moral significance, according to Variabilism, since it is incurred at a world where the person who incurs it already exists.


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Zorgethiek in praktijk : de basis
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ISBN: 9789401450539 Year: 2018 Publisher: Leuven LannooCampus

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De kwaliteit van onze zorg staat of valt met deze relatie van mens tot mens. Leidinggevenden, managers, verpleegkundigen en zorgdragers die de kwaliteit van zorg in hun organisatie willen bevorderen, maken ruimte voor relaties. Ze stellen zorgprofessionals in staat om op een open en intelligente manier in relatie te gaan. Dat doen ze vooral door ook zelf in relatie te treden met die professionals.Dit boek helpt studenten en leidinggevenden om te groeien als 'zorgethisch coach'. Het concretiseert wat zorgethiek is en hoe mensen kunnen groeien in het verlenen van zorg. Het boek vertrekt daarbij steeds vanuit de realiteit waarin zorgpraktijken vandaag vorm moeten krijgen.De kwaliteit van onze zorg staat of valt met deze relatie van mens tot mens. Leidinggevenden, managers, verpleegkundigen en zorgdragers die de kwaliteit van zorg in hun organisatie willen bevorderen, maken ruimte voor relaties. Ze stellen zorgprofessionals in staat om op een open en intelligente manier in relatie te gaan. Dat doen ze vooral door ook zelf in relatie te treden met die professionals.Dit boek helpt studenten en leidinggevenden om te groeien als 'zorgethisch coach'. Het concretiseert wat zorgethiek is en hoe mensen kunnen groeien in het verlenen van zorg. Het boek vertrekt daarbij steeds vanuit de realiteit waarin zorgpraktijken vandaag vorm moeten krijgen.


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Altering nature
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9781402069215 9781402069208 9781402069222 Year: 2008 Publisher: [Heidelberg] Springer

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The two volumes of Altering Nature consider the complex ways that concepts of 'nature' and 'the natural' are understood and the relevance of those understandings to discussions of biotechnology. Volume One, Concepts of 'Nature' and 'The Natural' in Biotechnology Debates, offers nuanced accounts of the ways that nature is invoked and interpreted, both descriptively and prescriptively, by different disciplines, including perspectives from spirituality and religion, philosophy, science and medicine, law and economics, and aesthetics. In the context of that broad discussion, Volume Two, Religion, Biotechnology, and Public Policy, reviews recent religious and ethical analyses of four specific areas of biotechnology: assisted reproduction, genetic therapy and enhancement, human-machine incorporation, and biodiversity. It identifies and explores the richer normative themes that inform particular debates and suggests ways that policy choices in biotechnology may be illuminated by devoting greater attention to religious perspectives.

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