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Ultra-Low Voltage Nano-Scale Memories provides an in-depth discussion of the state-of-the-art nanometer and sub-1-V memory LSIs that are playing decisive roles in power conscious systems. Emerging problems between the device, circuit, and system levels are systematically covered in terms of reliable high-speed operations of memory cells and peripheral logic circuits. The effectiveness of solutions at device and circuit levels is also described at length through clarifying noise components in an array, and even essential differences in ultra-low voltage operations between DRAMs and SRAMs. Moreover, various kinds of on-chip voltage converters necessary to solve problems with internal power-supply managements are extensively discussed. This authoritative monograph addresses these design challenges for memory and circuit engineers as well as for researchers and students who are interested in ultra-low voltage nano-scale memory LSIs.

Low voltage integrated circuits. --- Microelectronics. --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Low power consumption chips --- Low power integrated circuits --- Reduced voltage integrated circuits --- Integrated circuits --- Low voltage systems --- Basse tension --- Circuits intégrés --- Design and construction. --- Conception et construction --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B LIVINGEN

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2009, held in Grenoble, France, in June/July 2009. The 36 revised full papers presented together with 16 tool papers and 4 invited talks and 4 invited tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 135 regular paper and 34 tool paper submissions. The papers are dedicated to the advancement of the theory and practice of computer-aided formal analysis methods for hardware and software systems; their scope ranges from theoretical results to concrete applications, with an emphasis on practical verification tools and the underlying algorithms and techniques.

software engineering --- Computer. Automation --- robots --- Logic --- ontwerpen --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- logica --- wiskunde --- programmeren (informatica) --- Computer science --- Mathematical logic --- Computer software --- Integrated circuits --- Logiciels --- Circuits intégrés --- Verification --- Congresses. --- Vérification --- Congrès --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVINFOR SPRINGER-B

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Nowadays, a significant number of applications require the organization of data elements which contain at least one spatial attribute. Space support in databases poses new challenges in every part of a database management system and the capability of spatial support in the physical layer is considered very important. This has led to the design of spatial access methods to enable the effective and efficient management of spatial objects. R-trees have a simplicity of structure and, together with their resemblance to the B-tree, allow developers to incorporate them easily into existing database management systems for the support of spatial query processing. This book provides an extensive survey of the R-tree evolution, studying the applicability of the structure and its variations to efficient query processing, accurate proposed cost models, and implementation issues like concurrency control and parallelism. Based on the observation that ``space is everywhere", the authors anticipate that we are in the beginning of the era of the ``ubiquitous R-tree" analogous to the way B-trees were considered 25 years ago. Written for database researchers, designers and programmers as well as graduate students, this comprehensive monograph will be a welcome addition to the field. The book successfully integrates research results of the last 20 years, in a clear and highly readable manner. It is the first book dedicated to R-trees and related access methods, and I believe it will be valuable as a reference to everyone interested in the area. Prof. Timos Sellis, National Technical University of Athens.

Database searching --- Computer algorithms --- Data structures (Computer science) --- Integrated circuits --- Bases de données --- Algorithmes --- Structures de données (Informatique) --- Circuits intégrés à très grande échelle --- Very large scale integration --- Computer-aided design --- Interrogation --- Conception assistée par ordinateur --- Computer algorithms. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Database searching. --- Integrated circuits -- Very large scale integration -- Computer-aided design. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Computer-aided design. --- Bases de données --- Structures de données (Informatique) --- Circuits intégrés à très grande échelle --- Conception assistée par ordinateur --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVINFOR SPRINGER-B --- Information structures (Computer science) --- Structures, Data (Computer science) --- Structures, Information (Computer science) --- Data base searching --- Database search strategies --- Search strategies in databases --- Searching databases --- Computer science. --- File organization (Computer science). --- Database management. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Computer Science. --- Database Management. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Data Structures, Cryptology and Information Theory. --- Data Storage Representation. --- Data Structures. --- Files. --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Electronic data processing --- File management (Computer science) --- File systems (Computer science) --- Organization, File (Computer science) --- Database management --- File organization (Computer science) --- Abstract data types (Computer science) --- Informatics --- Science --- Algorithms --- Electronic information resource searching --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Data structures (Computer scienc. --- Data Structures and Information Theory. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- R (Computer program library).