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Recent scientific advances have made it possible to produce biopharmaceuticals in genetically modified plants and animals, such as maize, tobacco, goats, and chickens. This new branch of biotechnology is termed pharming, composed of the terms pharmaceuticals and farming. Pharming constitutes an overlap of red and green biotechnology. It offers the prospect of a quicker, cheaper, and more flexible production of biopharmaceuticals compared with current production processes. This is a promising perspective in light of the rapidly growing market of biopharmaceuticals, although the economic competitiveness of pharming remains to be proven. Besides possible benefits for producers, patients and health care systems, pharming also raises a number of complex ecological, social, moral and legal questions that have as yet not been thoroughly discussed. The present book contains the findings of an interdisciplinary research project that has addressed a large range of questions associated with pharming: An analysis of the state-of-the-art of plant pharming and animal pharming technologies is followed by an assessment of environmental risks related to pharming and welfare risks for pharming animals. Public views and attitudes to pharming are investigated on the basis of a comprehensive survey in 15 countries. Moreover, ethical and legal questions, posed by present and foreseeable future practices of pharming, are analysed. The concluding chapter presents the authors' main findings and recommendations, addressed to science, industry, politics and general public interested in the chances and risks of this upcoming field of biotechnology.

General ethics --- Human biochemistry --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Biochemical engineering --- medische biochemie --- bio-engineering --- farmacie --- farmacologie --- biogeneesmiddelen --- biochemie --- ethiek --- toxicologie --- Biopharmaceutics --- Genetic engineering --- Pharmaceutical biotechnology --- Biopharmaceutical technology --- Drugs --- Biotechnology --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Transgenic organisms --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy

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This book presents to the reader a comprehensive and detailed, yet easily accessible, description of the whole field of gene therapy. It covers topics ranging from vector development to the results of the most recent clinical trials. It includes descriptions of lentiviral and AAV vector development, of therapeutic gene selection (including siRNAs, shRNAs, and microRNAs), and of the most recent clinical applications of gene therapy for diseases of the eye, the cardiovascular system, and the central nervous system. Of note, the book only considers conditions for which transfer of genetic material has already progressed to clinical applications or is close to doing so. The language is plain and, whenever possible, non-technical. Since the book is intended to be a textbook in the field of gene therapy in both the basic science and clinical fields, whenever technical descriptions are required these are provided. Readers will include graduate students in the life sciences area in their final years of study, PhD students, and medical doctors specializing in different fields of internal and specialist medicine, in addition to research scientists working in various areas of current biomedical research.

Pharmacology. Therapy --- Human genetics --- Biotechnology --- Human genetics. --- Gene therapy. --- Molecular biology. --- Internal medicine. --- Genetic engineering. --- Virology. --- Human Genetics. --- Gene Therapy. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Transgenic organisms --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Therapy, Gene --- Genetic engineering --- Therapeutics --- Microbiology --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology

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Environmental insults such as extremes of temperature, extremes of water status as well as deteriorating soil conditions pose major threats to agriculture and food security. Employing contemporary tools and techniques from all branches of science, attempts are being made worldwide to understand how plants respond to abiotic stresses with the aim to help manipulate plant performance that will be better suited to withstand these stresses. The present book on abiotic stress is an attempt to search for possible answers to several basic questions related to plant responses towards abiotic stresses. This book presents a holistic view of the general principles of stress perception, signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. Further, chapters in this book analyze not only model systems but extrapolate interpretations obtained from models to crops. Lastly, we discuss how stress-tolerant crop or model plants have been or are being raised through plant breeding and genetic engineering approaches. Twenty three chapters, written by international authorities, integrate molecular details with overall plant structure and physiology, in a text-book style, including key references. This book serves as a complete package on the basics and applications for abiotic stress response sensing and genetic and metabolic response pathways in plants; it is designed for use by advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and beginning researchers in the area of stress biology, plant molecular biology, plant physiology, agriculture, biochemistry and environmental biology.

Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- Life sciences. --- Genetic engineering. --- Biochemistry. --- Botany. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Sciences de la vie --- Génie génétique --- Agriculture --- Biochimie --- Botanique --- Physiologie végétale --- Plantes --- Amélioration --- Crops -- Effect of stress on. --- Plant molecular genetics. --- Plants -- Disease and pest resistance -- Genetic aspects. --- Plants --- Plant physiology --- Plant molecular biology --- Plant genomes --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Plant Sciences --- Botany - General --- Effect of stress on --- Adaptation --- Crops --- Effect of stress on. --- Physiology --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant science. --- Breeding --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Stress (Physiology) --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Floristic botany