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Handbook of Plant Breeding series Cereal Breeding Marcelo J. Carena Editor Agriculture depends on improved cultivars, and plant breeders are those who develop improved cultivars through proper germplasm choice. Breeding methods and molecular tools are secondary to germplasm choice in plant breeding. The lack of funding presents a serious threat to plant breeding programs focused on cereal commodity crops. This loss of public support affects breeding continuity, objectivity, and, perhaps equally important, the training of future plant breeders for the utilization and improvement of current plant genetic resources, especially those that are genetically broad based. The research products of breeding programs are important not only for food security, but also for commodity-oriented public and private programs, especially on the fringes of crop production and rural communities. This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase utilization of plant genetic resources and to heighten awareness of the value and impact of plant breeding and biotechnology. Ensuring strong applied plant breeding programs with targeted use of molecular tools to specific traits (e.g. qualitative and highly heritable traits that are difficult to measure) will be essential in ensuring a sustainable use of plant genetic resources. We have an opportunity to greatly enhance agricultural production and value through germplasm adaptation, increased genetic diversity on farms, and maximization of genetic improvement under environmental stresses to meet the growing demands for food security, food quality, and environmental conservation. Cereals presents breeding efforts in major cereal crops (maize, sorghum, rice, spring wheat, winter wheat, durum wheat, barley, rye, and triticale) and chapters devoted to increasing the value of cereal breeding under different scenarios (GxE interaction, grain quality, silage quality, and participatory plant breeding). We hope to include other cereal crops in future editions. The book is a novel and exciting contribution to the field of cereal breeding and should be of great interest to students and scientists alike. Thirty-nine authors representing over 10 developed and developing countries as well international centers (e.g. CIMMYT, ICARDA, FAO) have done an excellent job sharing knowledge and experience to the next generation of plant breeders that will develop the future cultivars for different purposes. We feel this book is very opportune since there has been a serious erosion of public plant breeders especially in the past 10 years. This book is a call to policy makers, breeders, educators, instructors, students, industry leaders, grant donors, grant reviewers, economists, and many others to meet the need for continuous and holistic long-term applied plant breeding programs that will supply the future generation of plant breeders. Without them, there will be no development of future cultivars. More than ever, scientists are encouraged to be creative in their search for needed research in order to address current and future challenges before searching for funding. The conduction of long-term research with applied impact will be beneficial as well as the exploration of plant breeding paradigms and scientific alternatives between enhanced productivity (and uniformity) and enhanced quality of life for all human beings. Millions of people have the right to access to adequate food (FAO, 2008). While food distribution is still a challenge all over the world to alleviate hunger, there is still enough food for an increasing human population and cereal breeding is the best investment to maintain enough food supply under the environmental challenges facing our planet (e.g. global warming, biofuel demand, abiotic stresses). Marcelo Carena is Associate Professor from the Department of Plant Sciences at the North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, ND, USA. Since 1999, Dr. Carena is the Director of the NDSU Corn Breeding and Genetics Program, the most northern public corn research program in North America focused on increasing genetic diversity, drought tolerance, and grain quality in early maturing maize cultivar development. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Prof. Carena is currently Editor of Euphytica and Maydica, and Chair of the Crop Science Society of America Maize Registration Committee. Dr. Carena has trained five Ph.D. and eight MS students, two Visiting Scientists, and several interns over the past 10 years. In the same time, he has released eight early maturing corn inbred lines, has released four improved early maturing populations, and has published over 50 scientific papers, abstracts, book chapters, and editions on maize breeding and genetics.

Cereal crops --- genetic resources --- Plant breeding

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The first edition of this book, "Molecular techniques in crop improvement" published in 2002 provided comprehensive information on the latest tools and techniques of molecular genetics and applications in crop improvement, and highlighted molecular genetics from the perspective of plant breeders. Since then, major advances have been made in molecular tagging of genes/QTLs governing complex agronomic traits, identification of candidate genes and in applying marker assisted breeding for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and quality traits. Recent advances in transgenic technologies, genome sequencing and functional genomics offer tremendous opportunities to support plant breeding programs. We have covered new developments in molecular biology and their potential applications in plant breeding in this second edition. The book has a total of 31 chapters and divided into 4 sections: A) Plant breeding in the genomics era, B) Molecular markers and their application, C) Genomics, and D) Transgenic technologies. The book features major topics, which are QTL analysis, comparative genomics, functional genomics, bioinformatics, DNA marker technology automation, gene-based marker systems, , application of molecular markers for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in germplasm conservation, gene pyramiding, gene silencing, TILLING, CISGENESIS, microarray, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, microRNAs, marker-free transformation, gene targeting/homologous recombination, and genetic engineering. This book will be especially useful to scientists engaged in molecular genetics and plant breeding. It will also be a valuable book for the graduate and post graduate students specialising in crop science, genetics, plant breeding and biotechnology.

Life Sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Plant Sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Botany. --- Plant breeding. --- Sciences de la vie --- Botanique --- Plantes --- Amélioration --- Crops --- Crop improvement --- Genetic engineering --- Crops - Genetic engineering

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Environmental insults such as extremes of temperature, extremes of water status as well as deteriorating soil conditions pose major threats to agriculture and food security. Employing contemporary tools and techniques from all branches of science, attempts are being made worldwide to understand how plants respond to abiotic stresses with the aim to help manipulate plant performance that will be better suited to withstand these stresses. The present book on abiotic stress is an attempt to search for possible answers to several basic questions related to plant responses towards abiotic stresses. This book presents a holistic view of the general principles of stress perception, signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. Further, chapters in this book analyze not only model systems but extrapolate interpretations obtained from models to crops. Lastly, we discuss how stress-tolerant crop or model plants have been or are being raised through plant breeding and genetic engineering approaches. Twenty three chapters, written by international authorities, integrate molecular details with overall plant structure and physiology, in a text-book style, including key references. This book serves as a complete package on the basics and applications for abiotic stress response sensing and genetic and metabolic response pathways in plants; it is designed for use by advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and beginning researchers in the area of stress biology, plant molecular biology, plant physiology, agriculture, biochemistry and environmental biology.

Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- Life sciences. --- Genetic engineering. --- Biochemistry. --- Botany. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant breeding. --- Sciences de la vie --- Génie génétique --- Agriculture --- Biochimie --- Botanique --- Physiologie végétale --- Plantes --- Amélioration --- Crops -- Effect of stress on. --- Plant molecular genetics. --- Plants -- Disease and pest resistance -- Genetic aspects. --- Plants --- Plant physiology --- Plant molecular biology --- Plant genomes --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Plant Sciences --- Botany - General --- Effect of stress on --- Adaptation --- Crops --- Effect of stress on. --- Physiology --- Plant biochemistry. --- Plant science. --- Breeding --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Stress (Physiology) --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Floristic botany

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The book offers a history of the agricultural sciences in Nazi Germany. It analyzes scientific practice under the Nazi regime, Nazi agricultural policy and autarkic strategies as well as expansion policy in Eastern Europe. It also offers new insights into the Auschwitz concentration camp. It outlines the Nazi's comprehensive nutritional and agricultural research program intended to prepare Germany for war by raising productivity through scientific means, researching the relation between nutrition and performance at the edge of starvation, and restructuring the agricultural economy of the continent. The book reveals the relation between science and power in Nazi Germany beyond the usual dichotomy that paints scientists in Nazi Germany either as victims of oppression or as sadistic beasts. It shows the involvement of a high ranking scientific elite in the Nazi regime of occupation and looting of cultural goods in the occupied eastern territories - largely for the sake of their own careers. The main audience the book addresses are students of history and the history of science, and anyone interested in the history of Nazi Germany.

History --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- systematische plantkunde --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- zoölogie --- geschiedenis --- landbouw --- fysiologie --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Philosophy of science --- anno 1930-1939 --- anno 1940-1949 --- Germany --- Agriculture --- Animal breeding --- National socialism and science --- Plant breeding --- Science and state --- Science and national socialism --- Science --- Domestic animals --- Breeding --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Crops --- Research&delete& --- Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. --- Kaizā Uiruherumu Gakujutsu Shinkō Kyōkai --- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft --- Kaizā Viruherumu Kagaku Shinkō Kyōkai --- Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute --- Kaiser Wilhelm Society --- KWG --- K.W.G. --- KWS --- K.W.S. --- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften --- Research

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Human genetics is not the playground of science alone. Genetics concerns all of us, for we all have DNA, genes, genomes, and chromosomes. Our genes determine partly our appearance and our behaviour, our talents and our health risks.The authors of The Human Recipe use humour to explain what we understand about human genetics. With anecdotes and topical examples, they demonstrate how genetics affects our everyday lives. What if a DNA analysis were to reveal that your biological father must be someone other than the person you’ve been calling “Dad” for years? Does genetics explain why Africans excel in athletics, Asians in gymnastics, and Europeans mainly in sports testing physical strengths? What is the difference between a genetic disease and a contagious illness?The newest developments in human genetics also raise ethical questions and issues which are currently being debated within the genetics community, and the authors do not avoid looking at these either. Should we use genetics to ensure the conception of healthy children or even “designer babies”? Should we identify genetic risks before pregnancy? Should we edit genes in embryos? Can we identify our risk for cancers and can we prevent them? What about privacy in DNA research and forensic databases? Can DNA be stolen, and if so, would this be considered a serious crime? The Human Recipe provides a clever insight into all you might want to know about human genetics in our current society.

Human genome --- Genes --- Genetics. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Units of heredity --- Units of inheritance --- Molecular genetics --- DNA --- Genomes --- Human chromosomes --- Social aspects. --- menselijk genoom --- genetica (genen) --- genetisch onderzoek --- genetisch patent --- génome humain --- génétique (gènes) --- recherche génétique --- brevet génétique --- Genetica --- Genetisch onderzoek --- Human genetics --- Genetics