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Hauptbeschreibung Der Zins-Pass-Through, also die Geschwindigkeit, mit der Geschäftsbanken einen Geldmarktimpuls an ihre Kunden weitergeben, ist aus zwei Gründen wirtschaftspolitisch relevant. Zum einen ist er eine wichtige Determinante für die Wirksamkeit der Geldpolitik, da er die erste Stufe der geldpolitischen Transmission darstellt. Zum anderen lässt er auf den Wettbewerb auf dem Bankenmarkt schließen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Weitergabe von Zinsimpulsen in theoretischer, institutioneller und empirischer Hinsicht untersucht. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf d
Interest rates --- Banks and banking --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Interest --- Panel-Fehlerkorrekturmodell --- Zins-Pass-Through --- Makroökonomie --- Geschäftsbanken
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The last decades have witnessed major progress in both monetary policy theory and practice, with broad academic consensus on the desirability of monetary policy rules and ongoing research on their exact specification. Typically, the analysis is carried out in a New Keynesian framework with nominal rigidities and constant capital stock. The latter represents a constraint that this study seeks to overcome by introducing a model with investment and capital adjustment costs. The work assesses different interest-rate rule specifications with respect to the target variables included, based on two criteria: determinacy of rational-expectations equilibrium and convergence to steady state after a shock. The study concludes that rules with both an inflation and an output gap target ensure a unique rational-expectations equilibrium and a less distressful adjustment of the economy after the occurrence of shocks.
Interest rates. --- Monetary policy. --- Keynesian economics. --- Post-Keynesian economics --- Monetary management --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Schools of economics --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Interest --- Interest rates --- Monetary policy --- Keynesian economics --- E-books --- Framework --- Inflation-targeting --- Investment --- Keynesian --- Pavlova --- Rate --- rational-expectations equilibrium --- Rules --- Taylor principle --- with
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The economy of the 21st century in the OECD countries and in China, is characterized by a new phenomenon: the structural surplus of private savings in relation to private investment. This is true even in a situation of prosperity and very low interest rates. On the one hand, this excess saving is due to people's increasing inclination to save in light of rising life expectancy, driven by the desire to have sufficient assets in old age. On the other hand, the demand for capital is not increasing to the same extent, so that investment is not keeping pace with the rising desire to save. The resulting gap between the private desire for wealth and private investment can only be closed by increasing public debt. This open access book offers a new, capital-theoretical perspective on the macroeconomic relationship between desired wealth and investment, and it presents new empirical data on private wealth and its composition in the OECD plus China area. The authors argue that a free economic and social order can only be stabilized if the wealth aspirations of individuals are met under conditions of price stability. This is not possible without substantial net public debt. A new way of thinking about the economy as a whole is required. By way of an in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis, the book demonstrates this new way of thinking and describes the current challenges facing economic policy. It will appeal to economists and students of economics who are interested in macroeconomic theory and its economic policy implications. An impressive, and convincing theoretical dive into the fundamentals behind secular stagnation, with very strong implications for actual debt policy. Public debt may be needed to improve welfare. - Olivier Blanchard, Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics and Professor of Economics Emeritus at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund from 2008 to 2015. Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century gives a wholly new perspective on macroeconomics. (...) Weizsäcker and Krämer describe a simple, practical solution to the underemployment that has plagued Southern Europe for more than a decade. - George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2001. Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University and Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a profound and original contribution that can help us to understand and act on the great issues of our times. - Nicholas Stern, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics. Author of the Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change. Chief Economist at the World Bank from 2000 to 2003.
Macroeconomics --- Political economy --- Public finance --- International economics --- Economic history --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics --- Economic Policy --- Public Finance --- International Economics --- History of Economic Thought/Methodology --- Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics --- History of Economic Thought and Methodology --- Capital supply, capital demand --- Public debt --- Demography --- Neo-Austrian capital theory --- Keynesian economics --- Private savings --- Private investment --- Interest rates --- Open Access --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation
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In a world dominated by uncertainty, modeling and understanding the optimal behavior of agents is of the utmost importance. Many problems in economics, finance, and actuarial science naturally require decision makers to undertake choices in stochastic environments. Examples include optimal individual consumption and retirement choices, optimal management of portfolios and risk, hedging, optimal timing issues in pricing American options, and investment decisions. Stochastic control theory provides the methods and results to tackle all such problems. This book is a collection of the papers published in the Special Issue “Applications of Stochastic Optimal Control to Economics and Finance”, which appeared in the open access journal Risks in 2019. It contains seven peer-reviewed papers dealing with stochastic control models motivated by important questions in economics and finance. Each model is rigorously mathematically funded and treated, and the numerical methods are employed to derive the optimal solution. The topics of the book’s chapters range from optimal public debt management to optimal reinsurance, real options in energy markets, and optimal portfolio choice in partial and complete information settings. From a mathematical point of view, techniques and arguments of dynamic programming theory, filtering theory, optimal stopping, one-dimensional diffusions and multi-dimensional jump processes are used.
debt crisis --- government debt management --- optimal government debt ceiling --- government debt ratio --- stochastic control --- decision analysis --- risk management --- Bayesian learning --- Markowitz problem --- optimal portfolio --- portfolio selection --- Markov additive processes --- Markov regime switching market --- Markovian jump securities --- asymptotic arbitrage --- complete market --- multiple optimal stopping --- general diffusion --- real option analysis --- energy imbalance market --- optimal reinsurance --- excess-of-loss reinsurance --- Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation --- stochastic factor model --- American options --- least square method --- derivatives pricing --- binomial tree --- stochastic interest rates --- quadrinomial tree --- insurance --- unemployment --- optimal stopping --- geometric Brownian motion --- martingale --- free boundary problem --- American call option --- utility
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded as the science and technology for producing an intelligent machine, particularly, an intelligent computer program. Machine learning is an approach to realizing AI comprising a collection of statistical algorithms, of which deep learning is one such example. Due to the rapid development of computer technology, AI has been actively explored for a variety of academic and practical purposes in the context of financial markets. This book focuses on the broad topic of “AI and Financial Markets”, and includes novel research associated with this topic. The book includes contributions on the application of machine learning, agent-based artificial market simulation, and other related skills to the analysis of various aspects of financial markets.
algorithmic trading --- Stop Loss --- Turtle --- ATR --- community finances --- fiscal flexibility --- individualized financial arrangements --- sustainable financial services --- price momentum --- hidden markov model --- asset allocation --- blockchain --- BlockCloud --- Artificial Intelligence --- consensus algorithms --- exchange rates --- fundamentals --- prediction --- random forest --- support vector machine --- neural network --- deep reinforcement learning --- financial market simulation --- agent based simulation --- artificial market --- simulation --- CAR regulation --- portfolio --- contract for difference --- CfD --- reinforcement learning --- RL --- neural networks --- long short-term memory --- LSTM --- Q-learning --- deep learning --- uncertainty --- economic policy --- text mining --- topic model --- yield curve --- term structure of interest rates --- machine learning --- autoencoder --- interpretability
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Dans le monde romain, le crédit est partout : riches et pauvres, hommes et femmes, urbains et ruraux, tous prêtent et empruntent les uns aux autres. En effet, si les banques privées existent et sont nombreuses et actives à l’époque romaine, les particuliers ne s’adressent pas à elles pour emprunter de l’argent. Ce livre tente d’expliquer comment débiteurs et créanciers se sont rencontrés et pourquoi ils ont décidé de faire affaire. Autrement dit, il retrace l’histoire de l’organisation et du fonctionnement du marché du crédit romain, principalement à partir des papyrus d’Égypte, de 30 avant J.-C. à 275 après J.-C., et à partir des tablettes de Campanie au Ier siècle après J.-C. Ces documents de la pratique, relativement peu exploités jusqu’ici en histoire financière romaine, sont des sources exceptionnelles puisqu’ils permettent d’écrire une véritable histoire du développement du marché du crédit dans la longue durée, depuis la conquête de l’Égypte en 30 avant J.-C. qui transforme l’économie monétaire égyptienne, en passant par la mise en place progressive d’un système de rédaction et d’enregistrement des contrats privés particulièrement sophistiqué, jusqu’au grand bouleversement inflationniste qui frappe l’Empire à partir de 275 après J.-C. et qui ouvre une nouvelle ère dans l’histoire de l’économie monétaire de la province.
Credit --- Interest rates --- Crédit --- Taux d'intérêt --- History --- Histoire --- Egypt --- Campania (Italy) --- Rome --- Egypte --- Campanie (Italie) --- Economic conditions --- Economic conditions. --- Conditions économiques --- Credit. --- Economic history. --- Interest rates. --- History. --- 332 B.C.-640 A.D. --- Egypt. --- Italy --- Rome (Empire) --- Rome (Empire). --- Débiteur et créancier --- Égypte --- Crédit --- Taux d'intérêt --- Conditions économiques --- Economic history --- Kreditmarkt --- Wirtschaft --- Wirtschaftsleben --- Ökonomie --- Economy --- Finanzmarkt --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Interest --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Borrowing --- Finance --- Money --- Loans --- Histoire. --- Greco-Roman Period (Egypt) --- Égypte --- Römisches Reich --- Imperium Romanum --- Reich Rom --- Italien --- Antike --- Römerzeit --- Römer --- v753-500 --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- A.R.E. --- Ägypten --- Ancient Egypt --- Arab Republic of Egypt --- ARE --- Egipat --- Egipet --- Egipt --- Egiptos --- Egitto --- Egypten --- Egypti --- Ejiputo --- Gouvernement royal égyptien --- Ijiptʻ --- Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah --- Khēmi --- Maṣr --- Miṣr --- Misri --- Mitsrayim --- United Arab Republic --- Conditions économiques. --- Geschichte 753 v. Chr.-500 --- History of Rome and Lazio Region --- Regione Campania (Italy) --- Campanie (Italy) --- Kampania (Italy) --- Campanien (Italy) --- Ökonomie --- Débiteur et créancier
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Modern financial management is largely about risk management, which is increasingly data-driven. The problem is how to extract information from the data overload. It is here that advanced statistical and machine learning techniques can help. Accordingly, finance, statistics, and data analytics go hand in hand. The purpose of this book is to bring the state-of-art research in these three areas to the fore and especially research that juxtaposes these three.
Index parameter --- estimation --- wrapped stable --- Hill estimator --- characteristic function-based estimator --- asymptotic --- efficiency --- GARCH model --- HARCH model --- PHARCH model --- Griddy-Gibs --- Euro-Dollar --- safe-haven assets --- gold price --- Swiss Franc exchange rate --- oil price --- generalized Birnbaum–Saunders distributions --- ACD models --- Box-Cox transformation --- high-frequency financial data --- goodness-of-fit --- banking competition --- credit risk --- NPLs --- Theil index --- convergence analysis --- interest rates --- yeld curve --- no-arbitrage --- bonds --- B-splines --- time series --- multifractal processes --- fractal scaling --- heavy tails --- long range dependence --- financial models --- Bitcoin --- capital asset pricing model --- estimation of systematic risk --- tests of mean-variance efficiency --- t-distribution --- generalized method of moments --- multifactor asset pricing model --- Lerner index --- stochastic frontiers --- shrinkage estimator --- seemingly unrelated regression model --- multicollinearity --- ridge regression --- financial incentives --- public service motivation --- job performance --- job satisfaction --- intention to leave
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Our Special Issue we publish at a turning point, which we have not dealt with since World War II. The interconnected long-term global shocks such as the coronavirus pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and catastrophic climate change have imposed significant humanitary, socio-economic, political, and environmental restrictions on the globalization process and all aspects of economic and social life including the existence of individual people. The planet is trapped—the current situation seems to be the prelude to an apocalypse whose long-term effects we will have for decades. Therefore, it urgently requires a concept of the planet's survival to be built—only on this basis can the conditions for its development be created. The Special Issue gives evidence of the state of econophysics before the current situation. Therefore, it can provide excellent econophysics or an inter-and cross-disciplinary starting point of a rational approach to a new era.
energy --- economic growth --- output elasticities --- entropy production --- emissions --- optimization --- speculative attacks --- currency crisis --- neural networks --- deep learning --- Quantum-Inspired Neural Network --- traveling salesman problem --- simulated annealing technique --- kinetic exchange model --- Gini index --- Kolkata index --- minority game --- Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem --- time series analysis --- cross-correlations --- power law classification scheme --- network analysis --- globalisation --- entropy --- portfolio optimization --- regularization --- renormalization --- econophysics --- highway freight transportation --- radiation model --- transportation network --- network diversity --- power law --- economic development --- decision-making --- bounded rationality --- complexity economics --- information-theory --- maximum entropy principle --- quantal response statistical equilibrium --- correlation coefficient --- detrended cross-correlation analysis --- COVID-19 --- mobility indices --- random geometry --- risk measurement --- disordered systems --- replica theory --- return distributions --- power-law tails --- stretched exponentials --- q-Gaussians --- financial markets --- financial complexity --- collective intelligence --- emergent property --- stock correlation --- lexical evolution of econophysics --- text as data --- correspondence analysis --- long-range memory --- 1/f noise --- absolute value estimator --- anomalous diffusion --- ARFIMA --- first-passage times --- fractional Lèvy stable motion --- Higuchi’s method --- mean squared displacement --- multiplicative point process --- correlation filtering --- minimal spanning tree --- planar maximally filtered graph --- topological data analysis --- SGX --- TAIEX --- complex systems --- ecological economics --- urban–regional economics --- income distribution --- financial market dynamics --- income tax --- tax deduction --- income redistribution --- government transfer --- government dependency --- poverty line --- basic income guarantee --- effective tax rate --- balanced budget --- elastic tax --- Cantor set --- fractals --- homeomorphism --- detrended fluctuation analysis --- Hurst exponent --- continuous time random walk --- intertrade times --- volatility clustering --- local transfer entropy --- long-short-term-memory --- Bitcoin --- cryptocurrencies --- multiscale analysis --- detrended cross-correlations --- covariance matrices --- copulas --- high-frequency trading --- market stability --- agent-based models --- structural entropy --- Economic Freedom of the World index --- Index of Economic Freedom --- rank-size law technique --- power law behaviour --- exponential behaviour --- multiscale partition function --- multifractal analysis --- company market --- export readiness --- internationalization --- options pricing --- mortality --- companies --- start-up --- FTSE100 --- Gompertz --- MinMax --- survival probability distribution --- high-frequency trader --- multivariate Hawkes process --- forex market --- wealth distribution --- kinetic models --- wealth inequalities --- compartmental epidemic modelling --- vaccination campaign --- flash crash --- systemic risk --- financial networks --- high frequency trading --- market microstructure --- phase transition --- criticality --- dynamics of complex networks --- cascading failure --- network science --- economic complexity --- relatedness --- products and services --- planar graph --- partial correlation --- discounting --- bond pricing --- real interest rates --- calendar anomalies --- day-of-the-week effect --- market indices --- multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis --- n/a --- fractional Lèvy stable motion --- Higuchi's method --- urban-regional economics
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Rethinking fiscal and monetary policy in an economic environment of high debt and low interest rates. Policy makers in advanced economies find themselves in an unusual fiscal environment: debt ratios are historically high, while real interest rates are extremely low. Such a fundamental change, which seems likely to last, calls for a rethinking of the role of fiscal and monetary policy -- and this is just what Olivier Blanchard proposes in Fiscal Policy under Low Interest Rates . There is a wide set of opinions about the direction fiscal policy should take. Some, pointing to the high debt levels, make debt reduction an absolute priority. Others, pointing to the low interest rates, are less worried; they suggest that there is still fiscal space, and, if justified, further increases in debt should not be ruled out. Blanchard argues that low interest rates decrease not only the fiscal costs of debt, but also the welfare costs of debt. At the same time, he shows how low rates decrease the room for maneuver of monetary policy -- and thus increase the benefits of using fiscal policy, including deficits and debt, for macroeconomic stabilization. In short, low rates imply lower costs and higher benefits of debt. Having sketched what optimal policy looks like, Blanchard considers three examples of fiscal policy in action: fiscal consolidation in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the large increase in debt in Japan, and the current US fiscal and monetary policy mix. His conclusions hold practical implications for economic and fiscal policy makers, bankers, and politicians around the world.
Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- fiscal policy. --- economic conditions. --- interest. --- banking policy. --- monetary policy. --- economic indicator. --- majandusnäitaja --- ekonominis rodiklis --- economische indicator --- indicatore economico --- táscaire eacnamaíoch --- indicador económico --- indicator economic --- економски показател --- икономически индикатор --- hospodársky ukazovateľ --- gospodarski kazalec --- ekonomikas rādītājs --- економски показатељ --- ekonomski pokazatelj --- hospodářský ukazatel --- gazdasági mutató --- οικονομικός δείκτης --- wskaźnik gospodarczy --- økonomisk indikator --- tregues ekonomik --- Wirtschaftsindikator --- indikatur ekonomiku --- ekonomisk indikator --- indicateur économique --- taloudellinen indikaattori --- ekonomický ukazatel --- економски индикатор --- indice economico --- política monetaria --- politique monétaire --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- beartas airgeadaíochta --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetārā politika --- monetair beleid --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- τραπεζική πολιτική --- Bankpolitik --- panganduspoliitika --- banku politika --- bankbeleid --- банкова политика --- pankkitoimintapolitiikka --- polityka bankowa --- politique bancaire --- politica bancaria --- bankarska politika --- politika bankarja --- bančna politika --- beartas baincéireachta --- bankų politika --- política bancaria --- política bancária --- politikë bankare --- банкарска политика --- banková politika --- bankpolitik --- politică bancară --- bankovní politika --- bankpolitika --- banko politika --- intérêt --- ränta --- palūkanos --- procenti --- dobândă --- Zins --- kamata --- úrok --- τόκος --- imgħax --- intress --- obresti --- korko --- odsetki --- juro --- interes --- kamat --- камата --- interés --- rente --- интерес --- ús --- interesse --- norma e interesit --- intressimäär --- úroková sazba --- räntefot --- räntesats --- каматна стапка --- palūkanų norma --- úroková sadzba --- tipo de interés --- procentu likme --- kamatláb --- rentesats --- interest rate --- επιτόκιο --- kamatna stopa --- Zinsfuß --- úroková míra --- rata dobânzii --- taxa de juro --- Zinssatz --- rentevoet --- taux d'intérêt --- tasso d'interesse --- saggio d'interesse --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- politique fiscale --- politikë fiskale --- fiskális politika --- фискална политика --- belastingbeleid --- politika zdaňovania --- fiskální politika --- fiskālā politika --- skattepolitik --- politica fiscale --- porezna politika --- φορολογική πολιτική --- politika fiskali --- veropolitiikka --- fiskalna politika --- política fiscal --- polityka podatkowa --- fiskalinė politika --- beartas fioscach --- politică fiscală --- Steuerpolitik --- fiskaalpoliitika --- nodokļu politika --- maksupoliitika --- експанзивна фискална политика --- reforma zdaňovania --- politica taxelor --- iždo politika --- adópolitika --- политика на владина потрошувачка --- politikë për tatim-taksat --- taxation policy --- tax policy --- политика на оданочување --- politikë tatimore --- mokesčių politika --- fiscaal beleid --- контрактивна фискална политика --- maksustamispoliitika --- daňová politika --- fiškálna politika --- Monetary policy. --- Interest rates. --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Interest --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Debts, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Social policy. --- Investment management
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