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Pissarro, Camille, --- Art Institute of Chicago --- Chicago. Art Institute --- Art Institute Chicago --- Musée de Chicago --- Shikago Bijutsukan --- Chicago Academy of Fine Arts (1879-1882)

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Gauguin, Paul, --- Art Institute of Chicago --- Gaogeng, Baoluo, --- Gauguin, Eugène Henri Paul, --- Gauguin, Pablo, --- Гоген, Поль, --- Gogen, Polʹ, --- גוגן, פול, --- Chicago. Art Institute --- Art Institute Chicago --- Musée de Chicago --- Shikago Bijutsukan --- Chicago Academy of Fine Arts (1879-1882)

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Nowadays, more and more people realize the importance of global sustainability. Also, there has been an increasing number of quantitative studies investigating the connection between climate change and human societies in academia. Given this background, the Atmosphere Special Issue “Climate Change, Climatic Extremes, and Human Societies in the Past” aimed to highlight the major aspects of the climate-society nexus in ancient and recent human history. There are eight papers based on quantitative approaches to illustrate different forms of climate-society nexus in ancient, historical, and contemporary periods. Regarding ancient periods, the interconnection among climate, agriculture, and human societies is focused. Regarding historical periods, the non-linear and complex relationship between climate change and the positive checks (wars, famines, and epidemics) in historical China and pre-industrial Europe is revealed. Regarding contemporary periods, the papers focus on weather-related phenomena that significantly affect human societies. The complexity of those phenomena is also highlighted. The associated findings can help human societies to mitigate the adverse impacts of weather extremes better. This special issue contributes to the field of quantitative analysis of the climate-society nexus, both theoretically and methodologically, which could facilitate a more fruitful discussion about the climate-society nexus.

soil moisture–temperature coupling --- heatwaves --- multiple time scales --- correlation dimension method --- Geogdetector method --- interaction effect --- multi-scale --- climate change --- war --- imperial China --- Global Moran’s I --- Emerging Hot Spot Analysis --- plague --- direct and indirect effects --- Structural Equation Modelling --- drought --- regional interaction --- North China Famine of 1876–1879 --- human diet --- hierarchy --- bronze age --- carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios --- decision tree --- random forest --- precipitation prediction --- machine learning --- Yangtze River valley --- Yellow River valley --- rice cultivation --- millet cultivation --- precipitation --- Neolithic China --- n/a --- soil moisture-temperature coupling --- Global Moran's I --- North China Famine of 1876-1879

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Renoir, Auguste, --- Art Institute of Chicago --- Renoir, Pierre Auguste, --- Renuar, Ogi︠u︡st, --- Renoar, Pjer-Ogist, --- רנואר, אוגוסט, --- Chicago. Art Institute --- Art Institute Chicago --- Musée de Chicago --- Shikago Bijutsukan --- Chicago Academy of Fine Arts (1879-1882) --- Renoir, Pierre Auguste --- Renuar, Ogi︠u︡st --- Renoar, Pjer-Ogist

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Originally published in 1987. In March 1917 young Joseph Stalin, already a high-ranking Bolshevik, returned from Siberian exile in search of greatness and power. But his activities during the months leading up to the October Revolution were full of blunders and misjudgments—failures that in later years Stalin obliterated from the historical record. Stalin in October reassembles the history of 1917 and explains why, on the eve of the revolutionaries' seizure of power, Stalin seemingly dropped out of the picture. "He would always be dogged," Slusser writes, "by a nagging sense of having somehow missed the revolution." The lingering shame was crucial to Stalin's development into a Soviet dictator.

Geschichte (1917) --- Oktoberrevolution --- Russische Revolutie. --- Revolutionaries. --- Revolutionnaires --- Revolutionaries --- Stalin, I. --- Stalin, Iosif V. --- Stalin, Joseph, --- Stalin, Iosif, --- Revolution (Soviet Union : 1917-1921) --- 1917-1921 --- Russland. --- Russland --- Soviet Union. --- URSS --- Soviet Union --- Histoire --- History --- Stalin, I --- (Iosif), 1879-1953 --- Revolutionists --- Dissenters --- Counterrevolutionaries --- Russia --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Rußland --- Krievija --- Federazione Russa --- RF --- Großrussland --- Großrußland --- Rossijskaja Imperija --- Russie --- Empire de Russie --- Russian Federation --- Federacja Rosyjska --- Rosja --- Rossija --- Rossijskaja Federacija --- Russische Föderation --- Russisches Reich --- РФ --- Российская Федерация --- Российская Империя --- Russische SFSR --- -1917 --- 25.12.1991 --- -Советский Союз --- -Histoire