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The prevalence of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa is growing, and these disorders are affecting adolescents and young adults at increasingly younger ages. This has led to a greater number of patients presenting to health services. Although novel therapeutic approaches have been introduced in recent decades, the mortality rates of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa remain alarmingly high. The course of anorexia nervosa in particular is often chronic and can lead to persistent disability. This book covers the clinical features and symptoms, neurobiology, pathophysiology, and current and potential future treatment options for both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. It also highlights the important aspects of support for families and their perspectives on these disorders.
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Overeating --- Decision Making --- Obesity --- Binge Eating --- Anorexia Nervosa
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Neuroendocrinology is the discipline that investigates the interplay between the nervous and endocrine systems i.e. the control of endocrine glands by the central and peripheral nervous systems, the action of hormones on nerve cells and the production of hormones by the nervous system. The present Research Topic is a compilation of contributions stemming from the 8th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology (ICN2014) held in Sydney, Australia, that illustrates various facets of current neuroendocrine research.
stress --- Reproduction --- Anorexia Nervosa --- Neuroendocrinology --- Social Behavior --- Oxytocin / vasopressin --- Neuroactive steroids --- circadian rhythms --- energy homeostasis --- Insulin
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Anorexia nervosa is a common eating disorder affecting several functions of the body. Although our knowledge of the underlying mechanism has increased, therapeutic options are still limited. This Special Issue discusses several aspects of anorexia nervosa and covers a broad range of topics from the bench to the bedside.
Anorexia nervosa --- treatment contracts --- weight gain --- inpatient treatment --- survey --- accelerometry --- eating disorders --- motor restlessness --- physical inactivity --- anorexia nervosa --- cognitive behaviour therapy --- manualised treatment --- modules --- worksheets --- guidelines --- evidenced-based --- treatment --- emotion regulation --- males --- drug-treatment --- pharmacotherapy --- medication --- nutrition --- comorbidity --- complication --- functional magnetic resonance imaging --- disorder-specific stimuli --- narrative review --- immune system --- inflammation --- cytokines
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The Conference, of which the volume constitutes the Proceedings, represented a significant meeting point between psychological and social research experiences (aimed at outlining behaviours and trends), and aspects of clinical and psychiatric field experience. The topics addressed during the Conference concerned the main atypical eating disorders, including Atypical Anorexia Nervosa, Atypical Bulimia Nervosa and Hyperphagic Behaviours associated with other psychological alterations.
Eating disorders --- Hyperphagia --- Eating Disorders --- Anorexia Nervosa --- Bulimia --- Signs and Symptoms, Digestive --- Mental Disorders --- Signs and Symptoms --- Psychology --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Psicologia --- Psicologia sociale --- Psichiatria --- Alimentazione --- Disturbi alimentari
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This book covers a wide range of malnutrition manifestations across the globe. Malnutrition in any form has an serious, long-term impact on children’s development, health and well-being. It is an emerging public health problem that needs to be addressed through actions and policies.The Special Issue opens with an overview of global malnutrition data. It is followed by three articles on eating disorders: a systematic review of the correlation between vegetarian diets and eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, a review of the nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, and a systematic review of the neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa.The next article is a review on the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and its correlations with treatment, clinical outcome and long-term growth and health of survivors.The need for more extensive assessment of children’ nutritional status in developing countries is explored in the next two articles: a presentation of anthropometry measurements among Nepali children living in orphanages and a report on the nutritional status, diet, and intestinal parasites in hosted Saharawi children.The next article focusses on the development of a disease-specific tool for determining malnutrition risk in pediatric and adolescent cystic fibrosis outpatients in Greece. The last two articles examine aspects of childhood obesity in two Mediterranean countries. First, sociodemographic determinants of childhood obesity in Spain are presented. The last article examines the effects of nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions on adolescents’ Body Mass Index in Greece.We wish to thank everyone who contributed to this project, including the patients and families that participated in the studies presented in this book.
adiposity --- waist circumference --- anthropometry --- children --- socioeconomic factors --- health inequality indicators --- orphanage --- Nepal --- childhood cancer --- pediatric oncology --- nutritional status --- malnutrition --- Sahara --- lactose malabsorption --- celiac disease --- intestinal parasites --- hygiene --- diet --- health --- pulmonary disease --- forced expiratory volume --- pulmonary infection --- nutritional assessment --- screening --- underweight --- pulmonary function --- pancreatic insufficiency --- PERT --- vegetarianism --- vegetarian diets --- eating disorders --- mental health --- adolescents --- young adults --- n/a --- anorexia nervosa --- neuroimaging --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- single photon emission computed tomography --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- nutrition habits --- nutrition perceptions --- Body Mass Index (BMI) category --- overweight --- obesity --- physical activity habits --- physical activity perceptions --- Greece --- adolescent athletes --- disordered eating --- nutritional risk --- low energy availability --- female athlete triad
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Eating disorders (ED) are a group of mental disorders characterized by an altered food intake and the presence of inappropriate behaviors and thoughts about weight and shape. All EDs lead to physical and psychosocial functioning impairments in the patients which, in turn, may contribute to the persistence of the disease. The severity of EDs has been highlighted by their chronicity, medical complications, comorbidity, and high rates of mortality. Therefore, to address this important health issue, the current Special Issue collected 21 articles (i.e., three reviews and 18 research articles) focusing on the most recent and relevant scientific findings regarding advances in ED, such as genetic and epigenetic factors, biomarkers, comorbidity, clinical phenotypes, neurocognition, treatment predictors, and treatment models and therapeutic targets. Altogether, we believe that the articles contained in this Special Issue have largely achieved the initial objective of providing increased knowledge about the pathogenesis, the risk factors, the maintenance factors, and the most appropriate treatments tools for ED.
anorexia nervosa --- cognitive interpersonal model --- severe enduring --- physical activity --- accelerometry --- weight gain --- eating disorders --- malnutrition --- neuroimaging --- fractal dimension --- cortical complexity --- food craving --- food addiction --- emotion regulation --- event related potentials --- EEG --- neurophysiology --- psychopathology --- ASD --- comorbidity --- emotion recognition --- attention --- sensory sensitivity --- autism --- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) --- body mass index --- disordered eating behaviors --- disordered eating cognitions --- polygenic scores --- non-suicidal self-injury --- temperament --- eating disorder --- adolescence --- nocturnal eating syndrome --- sleep-related eating disorder --- parasomnia --- delayed sleep-wake phase --- MUPS --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- MRS --- insula --- glutamate --- N-acetylaspartate --- NAA --- epigenetics --- bulimia nervosa --- DNA methylation --- gene-environment interactions --- caloric intake --- refeeding syndrome --- refeeding protocol --- children and adolescents --- parents --- carers --- intervention --- workshop --- online intervention --- alcohol and/or drug abuse --- substance use disorder --- executive functions --- impulsivity --- emotional dysregulation --- deep brain stimulation --- psychosurgery --- clinical trial --- subcallosal cingulate --- nucleus accumbens --- high expressed emotion --- caregivers --- dance students --- disordered eating attitudes --- Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) --- mesomorphy --- ectomorphy --- Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis --- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder --- ADHD --- longitudinal --- treatment outcome --- dropout --- rTMS --- treatment --- anorexia --- bulimia --- binge eating disorders --- restrictive anorexia nervosa --- weight recovery --- animal models --- acyl-ghrelin --- desacyl-ghrelin --- chronic food restriction --- virtual reality --- fear of gaining weight --- body anxiety --- body image disturbances --- body-related attentional bias --- n/a
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In this Special Issue on “Human Health Engineering Volume II”, we invited submissions exploring recent contributions to the field of human health engineering, i.e., technology for monitoring the physical or mental health status of individuals in a variety of applications. Contributions could focus on sensors, wearable hardware, algorithms, or integrated monitoring systems. We organized the different papers according to their contributions to the main parts of the monitoring and control engineering scheme applied to human health applications, namely papers focusing on measuring/sensing physiological variables, papers highlighting health-monitoring applications, and examples of control and process management applications for human health. In comparison to biomedical engineering, we envision that the field of human health engineering will also cover applications for healthy humans (e.g., sports, sleep, and stress), and thus not only contribute to the development of technology for curing patients or supporting chronically ill people, but also to more general disease prevention and optimization of human well-being.
vibratory stimulation device --- local muscle vibration --- proprioceptors --- low back pain --- response frequency --- postural control --- Vater-Pacini corpuscles --- electroencephalography --- deep learning --- driving fatigue --- feature extraction --- convolutional neural network --- rehabilitation --- robotics --- technological devices --- upper limb impairment --- organizational model --- inkjet printing --- respiratory rate --- strain gauge --- stretchable and wearable sensors --- silver nanoparticles --- clinical evaluation --- body posture --- upper limb rehabilitation --- serious games --- haptic feedback --- electromyography sensors --- virtual reality --- smoothness --- wearable sensors --- gait analysis --- stumbling --- plantar visualization --- remote fetal monitor --- measurement uncertainty --- standard deviation --- Monte-Carlo method (MMC) --- efficient estimator --- automated assessment --- UE-FMA --- pinch force --- pulling force --- slip onset --- stroke --- anorexia nervosa --- electrodermal activity --- time-domain analysis --- frequency-domain analysis --- nonlinear analysis --- virtual reality exposure therapy --- driving phobia --- post-traumatic stress disorder --- physiological signal --- piezo-fluid-structural coupled simulation --- APS --- valveless micropump --- closed-loop insulin pump --- Individual verification --- Electrocardiogram (ECG) --- Interval based LDA --- biometrics --- n/a
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In the computer sciences, virtual reality (VR) is usually described as a set of fancy technologies. However, in medicine and neuroscience, VR is instead defined as an advanced form of human–computer interface that allows the user to interact with and become present in a computer-generated environment. The sense of presence offered by VR makes it a powerful tool for personal change because it offers a world where the individual can stay and live a specific experience. For this reason, the use of VR in mental health shows promise: different types of research support its clinical efficacy for conditions including anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders, obesity and eating disorders, pain management, addiction, and schizophrenia. However, more research is needed to transform VR according to a clinical standard for mental health. This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the mental health applications of VR, as well as their implications for future patient care.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) --- virtual reality --- exposure in virtual reality --- cognitive exposure --- standardized scenario --- personalized scenario --- spatial memory --- episodic memory --- enactment --- memory rehabilitation --- embodied cognition --- aging --- body image disturbances --- body anxiety --- fear of gaining weight --- full body illusion --- body representation --- obesity --- health --- navigation --- neurorehabilitation --- systematic review --- virtual environment --- cognitive and physical rehabilitation --- oldest old person --- Obsessive–compulsive disorders --- multiple errands test --- cognitive assessment --- executive functions --- computational models --- decision tree --- cross-validation --- real phobic images --- anxiety disorders --- specific phobia --- fMRI --- neuroimaging --- anorexia nervosa --- body image distortion --- body dissatisfaction --- embodiment --- interpersonal multisensory stimulation --- pain perception --- telescoped effect --- amputee patients --- emotion regulation --- treatment --- wellbeing intervention --- adults --- distraction systems --- dental anxiety --- pain --- autism spectrum disorder --- body movements --- repetitive behaviors --- machine learning --- dementia --- mild cognitive impairment --- electroencephalogram --- serious game --- Alzheimer disease --- digital biomarker --- hippocampus --- MRI --- cognitive rehabilitation --- computerized assessment --- sense of reality --- hallucinations --- psychosis --- derealization --- n/a --- sense of agency --- metacognition --- stress --- bodily-self --- mental health --- presence --- Obsessive-compulsive disorders
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