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"The eleven essays brought together in this volume explore the relations between expulsion, diaspora, and exile between Late Antiquity and the seventeenth century. The essays range from Hellenistic Egypt to seventeenth-century Hungary and involve expulsion and migration of Jews, Muslims and Protestants. The common goal of these essays is to shed light on a certain number of issues: first, to try to understand the dynamics of expulsion, in particular its social and political causes; second, to examine how expelled communities integrate (or not) into their new host societies; and finally, to understand how the experiences of expulsion and exile are made into founding myths that establish (or attempt to establish) group identities".

Exiles --- Religions --- Jewish diaspora --- Muslim diaspora --- Civilization, Medieval --- Christianity and culture --- History --- Europe --- Emigration and immigration

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A small Kurdish city located in northern Syria, Kobane, became symbolically significant when ISIS laid siege to the city between September 2014 and January 2015. This pivotal moment in the fight against ISIS threw the international spotlight on the Kurds. The Kobane Generation analyses how Kurdish diaspora communities mobilised in France after the breakout of the Syrian civil war and political unrest in Turkey and Iraq in the 2010s. Tens of thousands of people, mostly but not exclusively diaspora Kurds, demonstrated in major European capitals, expressed their solidarity with Kobane, and engaged in transnational political activism towards Kurdistan. In this book, Mari Toivanen discusses a series of critical events that led to different forms of transnational participation towards Kurdistan. The focus of this book is particularly on how diaspora mobilisations became visible among the second generation, the descendants of Kurdish migrants. The book addresses important questions, such as why second-generation members felt the need to mobilise and what kind of transnational participation this led to. How did the transnational participation and political activism of the second generation differ from that of their parents, and is such activism simply diasporic or also related to more global changes in political activism? The Kobane Generation offers important insights on the generational dynamics of political mobilisations and their significance to understanding diaspora contributions. More broadly, it sheds light on second-generation political activism beyond the diaspora context, analysing it in relation to global transformations in political subjectivities.

Kurdish diaspora. --- Kurds. --- Ethnology --- Iranians --- Diaspora, Kurdish --- Kurds --- Human geography --- Diaspora --- Migrations --- Political mobilisation and activism --- Second generation --- Migration --- Kurdish --- Transnationalism

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La Méditerranée a été de tout temps zone de brassage. La période médiévale a vu s'y déployer bien des migrations, proches par leurs caractères des grands déplacements humains de l'époque contemporaine : flux et reflux des marchands italiens allant s'installer dans les comptoirs d'outre-mer, migrations forcées des Arméniens créant un nouveau foyer en Cilicie, ou des juifs espagnols cherchant refuge dans l'empire ottoman après le décret d'expulsion de 1492, migrations économiques d'Albanais, de Coumans, de Syriens, de Bulgares, ou de gens de guerre pour qui ne comptent que l'aventure et l'appât du gain. Les motivations sont multiples, de même que les itinéraires empruntés. Migrations et diasporas, à l'origine de la création de colonies et de comptoirs, révèlent un système de valeurs et montrent comment les groupements humains assurent la continuité et le renouvellement de leurs propres structures, tout en s'adaptant aux changements imposés par la conjoncture. Le monde méditerranéen fut et demeure le lieu de profonds bouleversements humains que seule une différence d'échelle sépare aujourd'hui de ceux d'hier. Saisir ceux-ci dans leur complexité aide à mieux comprendre le monde contemporain.

History --- diaspora --- émigration --- immigration --- société --- Moyen-âge --- Méditerranée (région)

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How do people whose entire way of life has been destroyed and who witnessed horrible abuses against loved ones construct a new future? How do people who have survived the ravages of war and displacement rebuild their lives in a new country when their world has totally changed? In Making Refuge Catherine Besteman follows the trajectory of Somali Bantus from their homes in Somalia before the onset in 1991 of Somalia’s civil war, to their displacement to Kenyan refugee camps, to their relocation in cities across the United States, to their settlement in the struggling former mill town of Lewiston, Maine. Tracking their experiences as "secondary migrants" who grapple with the struggles of xenophobia, neoliberalism, and grief, Besteman asks what humanitarianism feels like to those who are its objects and what happens when refugees move in next door. As Lewiston's refugees and locals negotiate co-residence and find that assimilation goes both ways, their story demonstrates the efforts of diverse people to find ways to live together and create community. Besteman’s account illuminates the contemporary debates about economic and moral responsibility, security, and community that immigration provokes.

Somali diaspora. --- Somalis --- Cultural assimilation --- Lewiston (Me.) --- Ethnic relations. --- Somal --- Somali --- Somalians --- Somals --- Cushites --- Ethnology --- Diaspora, Somali --- Human geography --- Diaspora --- Migrations --- Lewiston, Me. --- somali diaspora --- somalis --- cultural assimilation --- anthropology --- african studies

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How do people whose entire way of life has been destroyed and who witnessed horrible abuses against loved ones construct a new future? How do people who have survived the ravages of war and displacement rebuild their lives in a new country when their world has totally changed? In Making Refuge Catherine Besteman follows the trajectory of Somali Bantus from their homes in Somalia before the onset in 1991 of Somalia’s civil war, to their displacement to Kenyan refugee camps, to their relocation in cities across the United States, to their settlement in the struggling former mill town of Lewiston, Maine. Tracking their experiences as "secondary migrants" who grapple with the struggles of xenophobia, neoliberalism, and grief, Besteman asks what humanitarianism feels like to those who are its objects and what happens when refugees move in next door. As Lewiston's refugees and locals negotiate co-residence and find that assimilation goes both ways, their story demonstrates the efforts of diverse people to find ways to live together and create community. Besteman’s account illuminates the contemporary debates about economic and moral responsibility, security, and community that immigration provokes.

Somalis --- Somali diaspora. --- Cultural assimilation --- Lewiston (Me.) --- Ethnic relations.