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The RAND report Paths to Victory: Lessons from Modern Insurgencies added 41 new cases to a previously studied set of 30 insurgencies, examining the 71 insurgencies begun and completed worldwide between World War II and 2008 to analyze correlates of success in counterinsurgency (COIN). A key finding of this research was that a case's score on a scorecard of 15 equally weighted good and 11 equally weighted bad COIN factors and practices perfectly discriminated the outcomes of the cases analyzed. That is, the balance of good and bad factors and practices correlated with either a COIN win (insurgency loss) or a COIN loss (insurgency win) in the overall case. Using the scorecard approach as its foundation, a RAND study sought to apply the findings to the case of Afghanistan in early 2013. The effort involved an expert elicitation, or Delphi exercise, in which experts were asked to make "worst-case" assessments of the factors to complete the scorecard for ongoing operations in Afghanistan. The consensus results revealed that early 2013 Afghanistan ranks among the historical COIN winners, but its score is equal to those of the lowest-scoring historical wins. This tenuous position points to several areas in need of improvement, but particularly the need to disrupt the flow of insurgent support and the need for the Afghan government and Afghan security forces to better demonstrate their commitment and motivation. Afghanistan in early 2011 scored in the middle of the historical record in terms of COIN wins and losses, suggesting an overall improvement in COIN progress in that conflict by early 2013. However, conditions may change as coalition forces prepare to hand over responsibility for the country's security to the Afghan government and Afghan security forces in 2014.

Counterinsurgency --- Military Science - General --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Guerrilla warfare --- Insurgency --- Afghanistan. --- A-fu-han --- Afeganistão --- Affganistan --- Affghanistan --- Afganistan --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afganistėn --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublik --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Afhanistan --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afuganisutan --- Ahyganit --- Apganistan --- Aphganistan --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- DRA --- Efẍanistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Islamskai͡a Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Isli͡amska republika Afganistan --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- Republic of Afghanistan --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganit

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Security force assistance is central to the counterinsurgency campaign of U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan. The outcome will hinge on the effectiveness of the assistance provided to the Afghan National Army, Afghan National Police, and other security forces. This report provides an overview of Soviet efforts to improve and facilitate the training and development of Afghan security forces.

Afghanistan -- History -- Soviet occupation, 1979-1989. --- Afghanistan -- History, Military -- 20th century. --- Internal security -- Afghanistan. --- Military assistance, Soviet -- Afghanistan. --- Soviet Union -- History, Military. --- Military assistance, Soviet --- Internal security --- Soviet Union --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- South Asia --- History, Military --- Afghanistan --- History, Military. --- History --- Security, Internal --- Soviet military assistance --- Afganistan --- A-fu-han --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- DRA --- Republic of Afghanistan --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- Aphganistan --- Afeganistão --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Affghanistan --- Efẍanistan --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- افغانستان --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Афганистэн --- Afganistėn --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Ahyganitã --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Афганістан --- Afhanistan --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Apganistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Афганистан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Affganistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- アフガニスタン --- Afuganisutan

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Opium trade --- Opium poppy growers --- Rural development --- Substance Abuse --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Growers, Opium poppy --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- Farmers --- Afghanistan --- Agriculture. --- A-fu-han --- Afeganistão --- Affganistan --- Affghanistan --- Afganistan --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afganistėn --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Afhanistan --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afuganisutan --- Ahyganitã --- Apganistan --- Aphganistan --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- DRA --- Efẍanistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- Republic of Afghanistan --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Афганистан --- Афганистэн --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Афганістан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- افغانستان --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- アフガニスタン

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"Imagining Afghanistan examines how Afghanistan has been imagined in literary and visual texts that were published after the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent U.S.-led invasion-the era that propelled Afghanistan into the center of global media visibility. Through an analysis of fiction, graphic novels, memoirs, drama, and film, the book demonstrates that writing and screening "Afghanistan" has become a conduit for understanding our shared post-9/11 condition. "Afghanistan" serves as a lens through which contemporary cultural producers contend with the moral ambiguities of twenty-first-century humanitarianism, interpret the legacy of the Cold War, debate the role of the U.S. in the rise of transnational terror, and grapple with the long-term impact of war on both human and nonhuman ecologies. Post-9/11 global Afghanistan literary production remains largely NATO-centric insofar as it is marked by an uncritical investment in humanitarianism as an approach to Third World suffering and in anti-communism as an unquestioned premise. The book's first half exposes how persisting anti-socialist biases-including anti-statist bias-not only shaped recent literary and visual texts on Afghanistan, resulting in a distorted portrayal of its tragic history, but also informed these texts' reception by critics. In the book's second half, the author examines cultural texts that challenge this limited horizon and forge alternative ways of representing traumatic histories. Captured by the author through the concepts of deep time, nonhuman witness, and war as a multispecies ecology, these new aesthetics bring readers a sophisticated portrait of Afghanistan as a rich multispecies habitat affected in dramatic ways by decades of war but not annihilated"--

Afghan War, 2001 --- -Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001 --- -War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Literature and the war. --- -Literature and the war. --- -Afghan War, 2001 --- -Motion pictures and the war. --- Afghanistan --- In motion pictures. --- In literature. --- Motion pictures and the war. --- A-fu-han --- Afeganistão --- Affganistan --- Affghanistan --- Afganistan --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afganistėn --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Afhanistan --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afuganisutan --- Ahyganitã --- Apganistan --- Aphganistan --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- DRA --- Efẍanistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- Republic of Afghanistan --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Афганистан --- Афганистэн --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Афганістан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- افغانستان --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- アフガニスタン --- Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Literature --- War --- Cinema --- Taliban --- Army --- POL005000 --- Political --- Science --- Globalization --- ideologies --- Communism --- Socialism

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India and Pakistan have very different visions for Afghanistan, and they seek to advance highly disparate interests through their respective engagements in the country. This paper reviews the countries' interests in Afghanistan, how they have tried to further their interests, how Afghanistan navigates their rivalry, and the rivalry's implications for U.S. and Indian policy.

Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- South Asia --- International relations. --- Afghanistan --- India --- Pakistan --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- Dominion of Pakistan --- Bākistān --- Islamic Republic of Pakistan --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Pakistan --- Islami Jamhuriya e Pakistan --- Pākistāna --- پاکِستان --- Islāmī Jumhūrī-ye Pākistān --- باكستان --- Paquistan --- Пакістан --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Пакістан --- Пакистан --- Ислямска република Пакистан --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Pakistan --- Islamische Republik Pakistan --- Eʼeʼaahjí Naakaii Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah --- Pakistani Islamivabariik --- Πακιστάν --- Ισλαμική Δημοκρατία του Πακιστάν --- Islamikē Dēmokratia tou Pakistan --- Afganistan --- A-fu-han --- República Democrática de Afganistán --- DRA --- Republic of Afghanistan --- Democratic Republic of Afghanistan --- Aphganistan --- Afeganistão --- Islamic State of Afghanistan --- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Affghanistan --- Efẍanistan --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Afghānistān --- جمهورى اسلامى افغانستان --- Afghānistān Islāmī Imārat --- افغانستان --- Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān --- Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat --- Афганистэн --- Afganistėn --- Афганистэн Мыслимэн Республикэ --- Afganistėn Myslimėn Respublikė --- Islamitiese Republiek van Afghanistan --- Ahyganitã --- Tetã Islãrehegua Ahyganitã --- Ăfqanıstan --- Ăfqanıstan İslam Respublikası --- Afghanstan --- Afghanstan Islam Respublikaḣy --- Афганістан --- Afhanistan --- Ісламская Рэспубліка Афганістан --- Islamskai︠a︡ Rėspublika Afhanistan --- Apganistan --- Islamikong Republika kan Apganistan --- Афганистан --- Ислямска република Афганистан --- Isli︠a︡mska republika Afganistan --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- Republik Islamek Afghanistan --- Afghánská islámská republika --- Affganistan --- Gweriniaeth Islamaidd Affganistan --- Indland --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Republic of India --- Bhārata --- Indii︠a︡ --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Bharat --- Government of India --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan --- State of Pakistan --- Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān --- パキスタン --- Pakisutan --- West Pakistan (Pakistan) --- Jamhuri-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan --- アフガニスタン --- Afuganisutan --- インド --- Indo --- هند --- Индия