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This open access book summarizes the first two decades of the NII Testbeds and Community for Information access Research (NTCIR). NTCIR is a series of evaluation forums run by a global team of researchers and hosted by the National Institute of Informatics (NII), Japan. The book is unique in that it discusses not just what was done at NTCIR, but also how it was done and the impact it has achieved. For example, in some chapters the reader sees the early seeds of what eventually grew to be the search engines that provide access to content on the World Wide Web, today’s smartphones that can tailor what they show to the needs of their owners, and the smart speakers that enrich our lives at home and on the move. We also get glimpses into how new search engines can be built for mathematical formulae, or for the digital record of a lived human life. Key to the success of the NTCIR endeavor was early recognition that information access research is an empirical discipline and that evaluation therefore lay at the core of the enterprise. Evaluation is thus at the heart of each chapter in this book. They show, for example, how the recognition that some documents are more important than others has shaped thinking about evaluation design. The thirty-three contributors to this volume speak for the many hundreds of researchers from dozens of countries around the world who together shaped NTCIR as organizers and participants. This book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, and students—anyone who wants to learn about past and present evaluation efforts in information retrieval, information access, and natural language processing, as well as those who want to participate in an evaluation task or even to design and organize one.

Information storage and retrieval. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Information storage. --- Information retrieval. --- Data retrieval --- Data storage --- Discovery, Information --- Information discovery --- Information storage and retrieval --- Retrieval of information --- Documentation --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Information Storage and Retrieval --- Evaluation --- Information Retrieval --- Multilingual Information Access --- NTCIR --- Test Collections --- Information Search --- Information Storage --- Artificial Intelligence --- Open Acces --- Information retrieval --- Data warehousing

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This collection of books brings some of the latest developments in the field of watermarking. Researchers from varied background and expertise propose a remarkable collection of chapters to render this work an important piece of scientific research. The chapters deal with a gamut of fields where watermarking can be used to encode copyright information. The work also presents a wide array of algorithms ranging from intelligent bit replacement to more traditional methods like ICA. The current work is split into two books. Book one is more traditional in its approach dealing mostly with image watermarking applications. Book two deals with audio watermarking and describes an array of chapters on performance analysis of algorithms.

Information retrieval. --- Data retrieval --- Data storage --- Discovery, Information --- Information discovery --- Information storage and retrieval --- Retrieval of information --- Documentation --- Information science --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Information retrieval

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"This book explores issues including the relationship between storage and canonization, the politics of collecting, the use of museum storage as a form of censorship"--

Museums --- Museum storage facilities. --- Information Storage and Retrieval --- Musées --- collections management. --- Libraries and Museums. --- Collection management. --- organization & administration --- Gestion des collections. --- Réserves. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Organization & administration.

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The importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can hardly be overemphasized in today’s academic and professional arena. More professionals and academics have been using GIS than ever – urban & regional planners, civil engineers, geographers, spatial economists, sociologists, environmental scientists, criminal justice professionals, political scientists, and alike. As such, it is extremely important to understand the theories and applications of GIS in our teaching, professional work, and research. “The Application of Geographic Information Systems” presents research findings that explain GIS’s applications in different subfields of social sciences. With several case studies conducted in different parts of the world, the book blends together the theories of GIS and their practical implementations in different conditions. It deals with GIS’s application in the broad spectrum of geospatial analysis and modeling, water resources analysis, land use analysis, infrastructure network analysis like transportation and water distribution network, and such. The book is expected to be a useful source of knowledge to the users of GIS who envision its applications in their teaching and research. This easy-to-understand book is surely not the end in itself but a little contribution to toward our understanding of the rich and wonderful subject of GIS.

Geographic information systems. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geography --- Geophysics

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The aim of this book is not to fill the shortcomings or gaps in the history of geographic thought, nor to adopt the historicist scruple of understanding a history petrified in narratives and points of view about scientific problems that interest a few. In this sense, it is not fundamentally about the history of geographic thought as traditionally the set of themes related to the scientific development of geography is conceived. If that were its purpose, its deficiency would be manifest and the imbalance between the parties would remove all its meaning. Its purpose is to bring together the contributions of professors and graduate students in geography, around two major thematic axes: history of geographic thought and epistemology in geography.

Geographic information systems --- History. --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geography --- SCIENCE