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Zusammenfassung Armin von Bogdandy und Ingo Venzke stellten mit “In Whose Name?” bereits 2014 die grundsätzliche Frage nach der Legitimität internationaler Gerichtshöfe. Der vorliegende Band führt die Debatte weiter: Woraus schöpfen internationale Organisationen und Gerichte ihre Legitimität und wie tragen sie zur Demokratisierung des Völkerrechts bei? Wie steht es um die demokratische Legitimität internationaler Menschenrechtsgerichtshöfe? Der Band bietet eine breite Diskussion zu aktuellen Fragen des internationalen Rechts. Abstract These texts on the legitimacy of international courts were framed as a direct reaction to arguments put forward in the book “In Whose Name?” by Armin von Bogdandy und Ingo Venzke. The subjects ranged from a comparison between international organizations and international courts and how they can contribute to democratize international law to assessing the democratic legitimacy of international human rights courts. Therefore the collection is dealing with both theoretical and practical questions regarding the legitimacy of international courts and how such problems relate to fundamental problems of our times.

Transnationale Gerichtsbarkeit --- Arbitration --- Internationale Gerichte --- Legitimität von Schiedsgerichten --- approaches to international judicial legitimacy --- ITLOS --- Internationales Recht --- Demokratiedefizit --- International Court of Justice --- international courts --- legitimacy and authority of international courts --- Schiedsgerichtbarkeit --- democratic legitimacy --- dispute resolution

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Amicus curiae participation in international courts is steadily growing since the late 1990 despite lack of clarity on the concept's nature, function and utility in international dispute settlement. Does amicus curiae infuse international judicial proceedings with alternative views, including the public interest in a case, as often advocated by NGOs? Does it increase the legitimacy and transparency of international dispute settlement, or the coherence of international law? Or is it an unhelpful impostor that impedes negotiated solutions and derails the proceedings at the expense of the parties to advance its own agenda? By way of an empirical-comparative analysis of the laws and practices of the ICJ, the ITLOS, the ECtHR, the IACtHR, the IACtHPR, WTO panels and the Appellate Body, and investment arbitration the dissertation examines the status quo of amicus curiae before international courts and tribunals to determine if the current amicus curiae practice is of added value to international proceedings and international dispute settlement in general. The dissertation shows that there is no common concept of international amicus curiae, but that amicus curiae before the international courts examined share a few characteristics. A proposed functional systematization highlights overlaps and diverging uses of the concept before international courts and helps scholars and practitioners to assess the opportunities and limits of the concept. Analysis of the concept's current regulatory framework and its substantive effectiveness reveals a hesitation in particular by courts with a strong adversarial tradition to take into account the views of a non-party despite the positive experience with the concept in regional human rights courts. The dissertation concludes that neither the expectations nor the concerns attached to amicus curiae participation in international proceedings have materialized. It argues that the concept can contribute to improved decisions and decision-making in international dispute settlement if regulated and used properly.

Amici curiae. --- International courts --- International tribunals --- Tribunals, International --- Courts --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Amici curiae --- Friends of the court --- Parties to actions --- Law and legislation --- Law --- General

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"This collection examines case-based reasoning in constitutional adjudication, that is, how courts decide on constitutional cases by referring to their own prior case law and the case law of other national, foreign and international courts. Argumentation based on judicial authority is now fundamental to the resolution of constitutional disputes. At the same time, it is the most common form of reasoning used by courts. This volume shows not only the strengths and weaknesses of such argumentation, but also its serious methodological shortcomings. The book is comparative in nature, with individual chapters examining similar problems that different courts have resolved in different ways. The research covers three types of courts, namely the civil law constitutional courts of Germany, Italy, Poland, Lithuania, and Hungary, the common law supreme courts of the United States, Canada, and Australia, and the European international courts represented by the European Court of Human Rights, and the Court of Justice of the European Union"-- Provided by the publisher.

Constitutional law --- Constitutional law. --- Philosophy. --- Constitutional limitations --- Constitutionalism --- Constitutions --- Limitations, Constitutional --- Public law --- Administrative law --- Interpretation and construction --- case-based reasoning --- constitutional adjudication --- constitutional courts --- European international courts --- precedents

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L'ouvrage de Bertha Santoscoy donne une image très complète de l'organe principal du système interaméricain des droits de l'homme : La Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme. Il en analyse son évolution au cours des années et souligne son caractère original, ses fonctions multiples et l'impact de son activité sur les réalités politiques du Continent américain. L'auteur attache ici une grande importance à la question de la double compétence de la Commission, qui permet la coexistence de deux systèmes : celui de la Déclaration américaine des droits et devoirs de l'homme; et celui de la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l'homme. Ce cumul des fonctions fait de la Commission un organe sui generis, sans parallèle, qui assure à la conception des droits de l'homme une unité aussi bien politique que juridique. Mais pour l'essentiel, l'ouvrage consiste en un examen approfondi du système des pétitions individuelles. La familiarité de l'auteur avec la procédure de la Commission confère à cette étude un intérêt tout particulier, car elle s'y attache à démontrer comment, par le biais du traitement des pétitions individuelles, et particulièrement en évitant de se prononcer d'entrée de cause sur la recevabilité, la Commission a su étendre sa compétence aussi bien du point de vue personnel que materiel. À cela s'ajoute que l'auteur ne se contente pas d'analyser le système interaméricain, mais qu'elle le compare avec les autres systèmes existants, spécialement avec le système européen, qui a exercé une influence certaine sur le développement du système interaméricain, mais dont celui-ci se distingue sur des points significatifs. L'auteur souligne l'importance et les faiblesses du système interaméricain des pétitions individuelles, ainsi que les difficultés que rencontre la réalisation des droits de l'homme dans le cadre des plusieurs États du continent américain. Cette étude apporte une série des réponses quant au fonctionnement de la Commission et devient de…

Droits de l'homme --- Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme --- Human rights --- International courts. --- 342.72/.73 <7> --- -International courts --- International tribunals --- Tribunals, International --- Courts --- Jurisdiction (International law) --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Mensenrechten. Amnesty International. Euthanasie----Noord-Amerika. Midden-Amerika --- Law and legislation --- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights --- C.I.D.H. --- CIDH --- Comisión de Derechos Humanos --- Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos --- Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos --- Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme --- I.A.C.H.R. --- IACHR --- Inter-American Comisión on Human Rights --- Inter-American Commission of Human Rights --- Organization of American States. --- Organization of American States --- 342.72/.73 <7> Mensenrechten. Amnesty International. Euthanasie----Noord-Amerika. Midden-Amerika --- International courts --- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. --- UNIIIC - Commission d’enquête internationale indépendante pour le Liban

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Una de las discusiones que perdura desde el fin de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina es la que se refiere a la naturaleza criminal de los actos perpetrados desde el Estado en aquel período. Motivado por responder a ese interrogante, Martín Lozada ofrece un recorrido analítico que va desde el derecho penal internacional a la especificidad del debate local. En la primera parte de este libro, el autor evalúa las características del complejo de los crímenes contra la humanidad y, particularmente, de los crímenes de lesa humanidad y genocidio. Para ello, no solo indaga en la conformación técnico-jurídica de estas figuras, sino que busca explicitar, más allá de la propia letra de la ley, qué tragedias humanas exigieron su construcción teórica. En la segunda parte se aboca al caso argentino: «se suele invocar el carácter genocida de los actos perpetrados por los entonces detentadores del poder del Estado, usurpado mediante las maniobras pergeñadas y concretadas por el poder militar –y sus colaboradores civiles– a partir del día 24 de marzo de 1976. Evaluar el alcance de esa afirmación y verificar si, en efecto, el desarrollo experimentado por ciertas ramas del derecho le brinda razón, responde también al objetivo trazado” en este trabajo, explica el autor. «La obra de Martín Lozada es equilibrada, permite percibir profundidades de conocimiento no desarrolladas previamente, a partir de una exposición ágil, clara, con hilo conductor siempre presente y admirablemente enlazada». Zlata Drnas de Clément Since the end of the last military dictatorship in Argentina, the discussion about the criminal nature of the acts perpetrated from the State during that period has lasted. Motivated to answer that question, Martín Lozada offers an analytical journey that goes from international criminal law to the specificity of the local debate. In the first part of this book, the author assesses the characteristics of the complex of crimes against humanity and, in particular,…

Law --- terrorisme d'État --- génocide --- crimes contre l'humanité --- tribunaux internationaux --- droits humains --- procès en Argentine --- système juridique de l'Argentine --- XX siècle --- dictature argentine --- State terrorism --- genocide --- crimes against humanity --- international courts --- human rights --- trial in Argentina --- Argentina's legal system --- twentieth century --- argentine dictatorship --- terrorismo de Estado --- genocidio --- crímenes de lesa humanidad --- crímenes contra la humanidad --- tribunales internacionales --- derechos humanos --- juzgamiento en la Argentina --- sistema jurídico de la Argentina --- siglo XX --- dictadura argentina