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Agent-based modelling and landscape change
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

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The use of agent-based models (ABMs) and modelling for understanding landscape change and dynamics continues to grow. One reason for the popularity of ABMs is that they provide a framework to represent multiple, discrete, multi-faceted, heterogeneous actors (human or otherwise) and their relationships and interactions between one another and their environment, through time and across space. This collection showcases innovative uses of ABMs for investigating and explaining landscape change and dynamics and to explore and identify how researchers in different disciplines can learn from one another to further innovate. The diverse range of processes and landscapes that ABMs are currently used to examine is clearly demonstrated, including: land-use decision making in agricultural landscapes; soil erosion in semi-arid environments; forest change in mountainous landscapes; trade in 1st Century BC southern France; social adaptations of herders in northern Mongolia; and malaria epidemiology in Kenya. A range of agent-based representation is used from the implied presence of agents, through comparing heterogeneous vs. aggregated representation of human activity, to alternative means of parameterizing individual agent behaviour. The collection will be of interest to all interested in innovative agent-based modelling for understanding landscape change, its causes and consequences for sustainability in the Anthropocene.

Keywords

Landscapes.


Book
Cultural Landscapes Preservation and Social-Ecological Sustainability
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute,

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Cultural landscapes are the result of social-ecological processes that have co-evolved throughout history, shaping high-value sustainable systems. The current processes of global change, such as agricultural intensification, rural abandonment, urban sprawl, and socio-economic dynamics, are threatening cultural landscapes worldwide. Whereas this loss is often unstoppable due to rapid and irreversible social-ecological changes, there are also examples where rationale protection measures can preserve cultural landscapes while promoting the sustainability of social-ecological systems. However, not all conservation policy-making processes consider the value of cultural landscapes, which makes their preservation even more difficult. Indeed, conservation policies focused on the wilderness paradigm are often counterproductive to conserving highly valuable cultural landscapes. The chapters in this book cover a wide spectrum of topics related to the preservation and sustainability of cultural landscapes, using different methodological approaches and involving regions from all over the world. This book can be useful for both researchers and professionals interested in using the socio-ecological framework in their scientific and applied work.

Keywords

Landscapes.


Book
La Fattoria Medicea di Cascine di Tavola a Prato : Un Progetto Integrato di Territorio per la rigenerazione patrimoniale di un paesaggio vivente
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Florence : Firenze University Press,

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The Medici's Farm of Cascine di Tavola, commissioned by Lorenzo Il Magnifico in 1477, and the set of agro-environmental areas functional to it, have over time been configured as an extraordinary unitary system of agro-environmental and cultural-landscape value and of exemplary relevance as a model of co-evolutionary man-nature management of the territory. Starting from this legacy - and also from the improper management and interventions of which it was subject in the second half of the nineteenth century - the research seeks to retain the genealogy and identity of this heritage, identifying, both in terms of analysis and design scenario, the conditions for a realistic process of regeneration not only of the cultural heritage that characterizes it but also of its territorial "framing" function and as a tool for "socio-ecological" innovation and sustainable local planning and development.


Book
Chora und Polis
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Year: 2004 Publisher: De Gruyter

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Der Schwerpunkt der althistorischen wie der archäologischen Forschung lag bis vor kurzem auf der Geschichte der Stadt das sie umgebende Land, die Chora blieb hingegen im Dunklen. Daher sind hinsichtlich des antiken Landlebens immer noch grundsätzliche Fragen zu klären: Wie sahen die ländlichen Siedlungs-, Sozial- und Wirtschaftsstrukturen aus? War die antike Wirtschaft im Wesentlichen Subsistenzwirtschaft oder doch eher marktorientiert? Wie lassen sich die demographischen Verhältnisse fassen? Neue Forschungsansätze widmen sich der administrativen Organisation der Chora, ihrer Kult-Topographie, den nicht-agrarischen Funktionen ländlicher Siedlungen und vor allem einer detailliertere Analyse der agrarischen Aktivitäten und Produktivität. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge spiegeln darüber hinaus grundsätzliche methodische Diskussionen. Sie fragen danach, welche Bedeutung Untersuchungen der Oberflächen von Siedlungsgebieten haben und welche Möglichkeiten die so genannten Surveys bieten.Beiträge von:John Bintliff, Michéle Brunet, Joseph C. Carter, Lin Foxhall, Hans-Joachim Gehrke, Ulf Hailer, Phil Howard, Michael H. Jameson, Bülent Iplikçioglu, Frank Kolb, Hans Lohmann, Thomas Marksteiner, Peter Ørsted, Robin Osborne, Aysun Sanli, Sergei Saprykin, Christof Schuler, Stephen M. Thompson, Andreas Thomsen, Jessica Trelogan, Michael Wörrle


Book
Paisagem e socionatureza : olhares geográfico-filosóficos
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ISBN: 8564905981 8564905973 Year: 2018 Publisher: SciELO Books - Editora UFFS

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A obra resultou de uma pesquisa de pós-doutoramento realizada no Centro de Filosofia da Universidade de Lisboa. O enfoque é a compreensão das bases filosóficas de um conceito amplamente utilizado na pesquisa e no ensino de Geografia: a paisagem. A partir da abordagem filosófica, que a considera como dimensão da existência e de um possível retorno ao sentimento de natureza em uma sociedade econômica e ecologicamente em crise, o objetivo da obra é discorrer sobre a paisagem enquanto potencialidade para a leitura crítica da realidade e busca de um mundo socialmente justo. A essência da natureza é constituída pela dialética ordem-caos e, enquanto movimento incessante, subjuga tudo e todos à dissolução no tempo e no espaço. No cerne da democrática condenação natural à morte, a sociedade hierárquica pode encontrar meios para realizar sua própria humanidade: sem guerras, sem degradação, sem riquezas acumuladas através de empobrecimento e fome. A compreensão da paisagem pode ser a porta de entrada para a estética da beleza que deve haver no mundo, em nós, nas relações humanas e na maneira de transformar a natureza.


Book
Landscape's Revenge : the ecology of failure in Robert Walser and Bernardo Carvalho
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Berlin : De Gruyter,

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Landscape, as it appears and is described throughout the works of Bernardo Carvalho and Robert Walser, provides an excellent-yet virtually unexplored-pathway to the authors' literary projects. The landscape functions here as a synthetic and unifying figure that triggers, at first, through the analysis of its description per se, the main and most evident elements of the authors' works. However, when sustained as a methodological figure beyond the scope of its own description, the landscape soon reveals a darker, far more fascinating and far less explored side of the authors' oeuvres: a vengeful, seemingly defeatist resentment against the status quo, which gives way to the more latent and biting elements of the authors' prose, such as irony, the unheimlich, an anti-heroic agenda, the apocalyptic aesthetics of a disaster-prone fictional world, as well as an understanding of history and literature through the figures of failure and marginality. By drawing from diverse critical traditions from Latin-America and Europe, this comparative text seeks to unravel, in all of its complexity and scope, the fictional stage upon which Walser's and Carvalho's characters narrate, with their dying breath, a world that is slowly undoing itself.


Book
Frightened Land : Land, Landscape and Politics in South Africa in the Twentieth Century
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Year: 2006 Publisher: London : Taylor & Francis,

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An investigation into the spatial politics of separation and division in South Africa, principally during the apartheid years, and the effects of these physical and conceptual barriers on the land. In contrast to the weight of literature focusing on post-apartheid South Africa, the focus of this book includes the spatial, political and cultural landscape practices of the apartheid government and also refers to contemporary work done in Australia, England and the US. It probes the uncertainty and ambiguity of identities and cultures in post-apartheid society in order to gain a deep understanding of the history that individuals and society now confront. Drawing on a wealth of research materials including literature, maps, newspapers, monuments, architectural drawings, government legislation, tourist brochures, political writing and oral histories, this book is well illustrated throughout and is a unique commentary on the spatial politics of a time of enormous change.


Book
Ancestral Landscapes of the Pueblo World
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ISBN: 0816549648 0816523088 Year: 2022 Publisher: University of Arizona Press

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The eastern Pueblo heartland, located in the northern Rio Grande country of New Mexico, has fascinated archaeologists since the 1870s. In Ancestral Landscapes of the Pueblo World, James Snead uses an exciting new approach- landscape archaeology-to understand ancestral Pueblo communities and the way the people consciously or unconsciously shaped the land around them. Snead provides detailed insight into ancestral Puebloan cultures and societies using an approach he calls "contextual experience," employing deep mapping and community-scale analysis. This strategy goes far beyond the standard archaeological approaches, using historical ethnography and contemporary Puebloan perspectives to better understand how past and present Pueblo worldviews and meanings are imbedded in the land. Snead focuses on five communities in the Pueblo heartland-Burnt Corn, T'obimpaenge, Tsikwaiye, Los Aguajes, and Tsankawi-using the results of intensive archaeological surveys to discuss the changes that occurred in these communities between AD 1250 and 1500. He examines the history of each area, comparing and contrasting them via the themes of "provision," "identity," and "movement," before turning to questions regarding social, political, and economic organization. This revolutionary study thus makes an important contribution to landscape archaeology and explains how the Precolumbian Pueblo landscape was formed.


Book
Human-Made Environments. The Development of Landscapes as ResourceAssemblages
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Tübingen Tübingen University Press

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Landscapes bear traces of the use of resources over long periods. These reflect not only ways of using, shaping, organising, controlling and exchanging resources, but also knowledge, perceptions, motivations for actions and related social dynamics. Resources can be material as well as immaterial and constitute the basis for the development and decline of societies. They are usually not exploited in isolation, but as parts of complexes whose specific constellation in time and space can be best described as assemblages. This topic was the subject of the session ‘Human-Made Environments: The Development of Landscapes as Resource Assemblages’ held at the 24th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (Barcelona, 5–8 September 2018) and forms the basis of this volume. The general purpose is a debate on new concepts of the interrelation of social dynamics and resource use and a discussion of case studies in which landscapes were shaped to facilitate the utilisation of resources. The identification of what has been considered to be a resource is discussed as well as the means through which the corresponding landscapes were transformed and the results of these transformations. This implies not only material, but also spiritual aspects linked to the exploitation of resources. Since ResourceAssemblages are products of historical evolution and mutual relations the mechanisms of these processes are of great significance. Supreme aspects comprise the detection of a conscious human formation of landscapes in order to suit the exploitation of resources, the connected social practices as well as socio-cultural dynamics linked to the use of resources.


Book
Transcending the nostalgic : landscapes of postindustrial Europe beyond representation
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1800732864 Year: 2021 Publisher: New York : Berghahn Books,

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"Even as the global economy of the twenty-first century continues its dramatic and unpredictable transformations, the landscapes it leaves in its wake bear the indelible marks of their industrial past. Whether in the form of abandoned physical structures, displaced populations, or ecological impacts, they persist in memory and lived experience across the developed world. This collection explores the affective and "more-than-representational" dimensions of post-industrial landscapes, including narratives, practices, social formations, and other phenomena. Focusing on case studies from across Europe, it examines both the objective and the subjective aspects of societies that, increasingly, produce fewer things and employ fewer workers"--

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