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Magnetosphere and Solar Winds, Humans and Communication consists of ten chapters organized into two sections. The first section presents a full description of the magnetosphere and its effect on the solar wind, climatic modes, the Polar Cap index in relation to magnetosphere disturbances (substorms and magnetic storms), recent developments and challenges in developed ionosphere models, and more. The second section discusses solar flux, solar proton activity over the solar cycle, temporal variation of the sun's activity, and macroscopic scales of spin.
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This open access book serves as textbook on the physics of the radiation belts surrounding the Earth. Discovered in 1958 the famous Van Allen Radiation belts were among the first scientific discoveries of the Space Age. Throughout the following decades the belts have been under intensive investigation motivated by the risks of radiation hazards they expose to electronics and humans on spacecraft in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. This textbook teaches the field from basic theory of particles and plasmas to observations which culminated in the highly successful Van Allen Probes Mission of NASA in 2012-2019. Using numerous data examples the authors explain the relevant concepts and theoretical background of the extremely complex radiation belt region, with the emphasis on giving a comprehensive and coherent understanding of physical processes affecting the dynamics of the belts. The target audience are doctoral students and young researchers who wish to learn about the physical processes underlying the acceleration, transport and loss of the radiation belt particles in the perspective of the state-of-the-art observations.
Geophysics --- Plasma physics --- Astronomy, space & time --- Aerospace & aviation technology --- Earth sciences --- Earth's radiation belts --- Van Allen belts --- charged particle motion in Earth’s magnetosphere --- sources and losses of radiation belt particles --- whistler mode chorus --- plasmaspheric hiss --- electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves --- wave-particle interactions --- Pc5 waves --- open access
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This reprint, which was edited by Prof. Dr. Nazar R. Ikhsanov, Prof. Dr. Galina L. Klimchitskaya, and Prof. Dr. Vladimir M. Mostepanenko, contains research and review articles published in a Special Issue of the journal Universe in memory of outstanding astrophysicist Prof. Dr. Yuri N. Gnedin, who organized and led the Department of Astrophysics at the famous Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences for several decades. In these articles, the reader will find new and intriguing ideas in several topical problems of astrophysics as well as comprehensive and readily accessible sketches of a few recently performed investigations.
accretion disks --- magnetic fields --- polarization --- active galactic nuclei --- supermassive black holes --- dark matter axions --- non-Newtonian gravity --- measurements of the Casimir force --- hypothetical particles --- neutron stars --- radiation transfer --- dark energy --- dark matter --- Hubble constant --- numerical simulation --- magnetic hydrodynamics (MHD) --- hot Jupiters --- magnetic field --- chemically peculiar stars --- observation --- Herbig Ae/Be stars --- disk accretion --- magnetosphere --- individual: HD 10141 --- HD 259431 --- HD 104237 --- HD 37806 --- close binaries --- black holes --- evolution of binary stars --- fast blue optical transients --- non-thermal particle acceleration --- particle-in-cell plasma modeling --- high energy cosmic rays --- brown dwarf --- X-ray emission --- microwave radiation --- magnetic loops --- particle acceleration --- magnetars stars --- X-rays and stars --- star atmospheres --- plasmas --- scattering --- radiative transfer --- protoplanetary disk --- scattered radiation --- linear polarization --- UX Ori stars --- RW Aur --- n/a
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