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This thesis investigates non-destructive testing problems for rough and periodic surfaces, where the task is to determine such structures from scattered waves. Such problems are non-linear and ill-posed. We are interested in the analysis of the Factorization method applied to this class of inverse scattering problems. This method does not attempt to solve a non-linear operator equation for the unknown object but computes a binary criterion characterizing points inside and outside the structure.
Factorization method --- inverse scattering problem --- surface scattering
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Now neutron diffraction is widely applied for the research of crystal, magnetic structure and internal stress of crystalline materials of various classes, including nanocrystalls. In the present book, we make practically short excursion to modern state of neutron diffraction researches of crystal materials of various classes. The book contains a helpful information on a modern state of neutron diffraction researches of crystals for the broad specialists interested in studying crystals and purposeful regulation of their service characteristics, since the crystal structure, basically, defines their physical and mechanical properties. Some chapters of the book have methodical character that can be useful to scientists, interested in possibilities of neutron diffraction. We hope, that results of last years presented in the book, can be a push to new ideas in studying of crystalline, magnetic structure and a macrostructure of usual crystal materials and nanocrystals. In turn, it can promote working out of new materials with new improved service characteristics and to origin of innovative ideas.
Neutrons --- Diffraction. --- Scattering. --- Nucleon-nucleon scattering --- Potential scattering --- Neutron diffraction --- Diffraction --- Solid state chemistry
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Reasoned and based on the difference between discovery and invention, according to the traditional conception, science can be distinguished between basic science and applied science. Nevertheless, we know that the sciences are inseparable. A century or more ago, Louis Pasteur said ""there is no applied science, there are applications of science."" With this assertion, he establishes the logic of complementarity between them. Science certainly goes beyond its own material application and brings us to issues that have intrigued humanity for a long time. During the many years that we have been working with techniques of material characterization, we observed that this complementarity was not always understood by the researchers. In line with the reasoning that the technique joined with science generates technology, the application of techniques that use x-ray and neutron sources seems to us of fundamental importance for the development of technology. In this way, we present in this book how the existing technology of material characterization can contribute to science and applied technology. The authors who contributed with this book sought to show the importance of applying the existing techniques in the development of their works.
Diffraction. --- Small-angle scattering. --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Scattering (Physics) --- Light --- Optics --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Optical Physics --- Physics --- Optics and Lasers
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The opportunities for doing scattering experiments at synchrotron and neutron facilities have grown rapidly in recent years and are set to continue to do so into the foreseeable future. This text provides a basic understanding of how these techniques enable the structure and dynamics of materials to be studied at the atomic and molecular level. Although mathematics cannot be avoided in a theoretical discussion, the aim has been to write a book that most scientists will still findapproachable. To this end, the first two chapters are devoted to providing a tutorial background in the mathematics
Neutrons --- X-rays --- Scattering. --- Rayons X --- Scattering --- Diffusion --- X-ray scattering --- Scattering (Physics) --- Nucleon-nucleon scattering --- Potential scattering --- scattering experiments, synchrotron facilities, neutron facilities, dynamics of materials, structure of materials
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Neutrons --- Materials --- Scattering. --- Effect of radiation on. --- Materials, Effect of radiation on --- Radiation --- Nucleon-nucleon scattering --- Potential scattering
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The Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) is a landmark large user-facility producing neutron and muon beams. Those beams feed over 20 beamlines hosting world-class instruments for the investigation of matter across the disciplines of materials science, solid state physics and chemistry, biological and life sciences, geology, engineering, and their wider applications. Neutron and muons can probe matter in very peculiar ways. They are sensitive to magnetism and hydrogen atoms, can penetrate materials deeply or probe surfaces, and allow one to investigate the fundamental dynamics of the materials. In the past three to four decades, neutron scattering has largely contributed to the development of modern technology, such as computers, mobile phone technology, electo-chemistry, the transportation industry, and the pharmaceutic industry. MLF is a world leader in such characterization technology and serves yearly to about 700 research experiments conducted from users of 34 countries around the world. The present book describes technical details of the proton accelerator, the neutron spallation source, the muon facility, and all the beamlines with engineering realization, specifications, and relevant examples.
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In this work different methods for the calculation of diffraction and scattering in launchers of quasi-optical mode converters for gyrotrons are compared, ranked and extended. The extension gives the opportunity to take a tapered average radius of the waveguide antenna into account. The comparison and the extension of the fast field calculation methods for component synthesis opens the possibility to reduce diffraction and stray radiation of reliable and powerful millimeter wave sources.
Diffraction --- Scattering --- Oversized Waveguides --- Waveguide Antennas --- Mode converters
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This book addresses the identification of the shape of penetrable periodic media by means of scattered time-harmonic waves. Mathematically, this is about the determination of the support of a function which occurs in the governing equations. Our theoretical analysis shows that this problem can be strictly solved for acoustic as well as for electromagnetic radiation by the so-called Factorization Method. We apply this method to reconstruct a couple of media from numerically simulated field data.
Lippmann-Schwinger equation --- crystal --- inverse scattering problem --- factorization method --- photonics
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Most of the numerical predictions of experimental phenomena in particle physics over the last decade have been made possible by the discovery and exploitation of the simplifications that can happen when phenomena are investigated on short distance and time scales. This book provides a coherent exposition of the techniques underlying these calculations. After reminding the reader of some basic properties of field theories, examples are used to explain the problems to be treated. Then the technique of dimensional regularization and the renormalization group. Finally a number of key applications are treated, culminating in the treatment of deeply inelastic scattering.
Renormalization (Physics) --- Renormalization group. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Scattering (Physics)
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Electromagnetic Wave Scattering by Aerial and Ground Radar Objects presents the theory, original calculation methods, and computational results of the scattering characteristics of different aerial and ground radar objects. This must-have book provides essential background for computing electromagnetic wave scattering in the presence of different kinds of irregularities, as well as Summarizes fundamental electromagnetic statements such as the Lorentz reciprocity theorem and the image principle Contains integral field representations enabling the study of scatte.
Radar --- Electromagnetic waves --- Radar cross sections. --- Data processing. --- Scattering.
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