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803.93 --- #VCV monografie 2004 --- #A0310A --- 646 Dialectologie --- Nederlands. Nederlandse taalkunde --- 803.93 Nederlands. Nederlandse taalkunde

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Cet ouvrage consacré à l’histoire conceptuelle de la linguistique s’intéresse plus particulièrement à une période émergente de la discipline : entre 1864, lorsque la grammaire comparée arrive en France, et 1916, date à laquelle paraît le Cours de linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure. L’introduction de la grammaire comparée constitue en effet un tournant dans la pensée linguistique d’expression française dans la mesure où l’on commence à s’interroger aussi bien sur la nature de l’objet de la linguistique que sur la nature de la science linguistique. S’agit-il d’une science naturelle, ou d’une science historique ? S’il s’agit d’une science historique, peut-on lui appliquer les méthodes des sciences naturelles ? En mal d’objet précis, la linguistique s’appuie sur des disciplines contiguës qui l’alimentent non seulement en idées et en méthodes, mais aussi en problèmes. Les éléments de réponse, trouvés dans les ouvrages linguistiques de l’époque, convergent autour d’une métaphore récurrente, celle de « la vie du langage », qui s’origine dans l’idée naturaliste selon laquelle la langue, soumise aux lois naturelles, naît, croît et meurt. Cette métaphore mène l’interrogation des linguistes et aboutit à la construction et à l’autonomisation de la linguistique dite générale. Même si la postérité, en quête d’un fondateur mythique, a voulu désigner Saussure comme le père de cette discipline, l’ouvrage montre que cet objet glissant de la langue ne cessa pas de tourmenter les esprits de ses prédécesseurs et contemporains qui ainsi contribuèrent à la naissance de la linguistique moderne.

Linguistics / France / History / 19th century --- Linguistik --- Französisch --- Geschichte 1864-1916 --- 804.0 <09> --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van ... --- 804.0 <09> Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van ... --- Linguistics --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- History --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van .. --- Linguistik. --- Französisch. --- Französisch. --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van . --- Frans. Franse taalkunde--Geschiedenis van --- France --- linguistique --- Linguistics / France / 19th-20th centuries

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Traditional dialects have been encroached upon by the increasing mobility of their speakers and by the onslaught of national languages in education and mass media. Typically, older dialects are “leveling” to become more like national languages. This is regrettable when the last articulate traces of a culture are lost, but it also promotes a complex dynamics of interaction as speakers shift from dialect to standard and to intermediate compromises between the two in their forms of speech. Varieties of speech thus live on in modern communities, where they still function to mark provenance, but increasingly cultural and social provenance as opposed to pure geography. They arise at times from the need to function throughout the different groups in society, but they also may have roots in immigrants’ speech, and just as certainly from the ineluctable dynamics of groups wishing to express their identity to themselves and to the world.

Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- E-books --- Conferences - Meetings --- Dialectologie. --- Dialectology --- Taalkunde --- Methodology --- Dialecten.

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The spoken language comes before the written language, both in the language-learning child and in the history of humanity. Homo loquens was there first, but much later he also became gay scribens. Therefore, linguistics also considers spoken language as its primary object of research. However, we, the language user but also the linguist, are so familiar with the written language that we always perceive the spoken language through the glasses of that written language. As a result, we project all kinds of characteristics of the written language onto the spoken language. For example, letters would correspond to separate sounds and sentences would express thoughts. This book questions these assumptions that we think are 'natural' but that are in fact 'cultural'. The book also shows how our vision on the origin of writing and on the process of learning to read and write is colored by the written glasses. This also makes this book a critical reflection on linguistics and its history.

Psycholinguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- 800 <09> --- 800 <09> Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Geschiedenis van ... --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Geschiedenis van ... --- Linguistics --- Writing --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Language, Psychology of --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- History --- Psychological aspects --- Psycholinguistics. --- Writing. --- History. --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Geschiedenis van .. --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Geschiedenis van . --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek--Geschiedenis van --- philosophy --- filosofie --- psychology --- dutch and flemish language --- psychologie --- nederlandse taal

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Approaching linguistic science from the combined viewpoint of the philosophy of science and the theory of graphic design, this book offers a radically new treatment of linguistic theory and the history of linguistics. The author analyzes graphic representation, or diagramming, in terms of form and meaning, proposes a taxonomy of linguistic models that cuts across other classifications of linguistic theory, and shows that, like models in the biological and physical sciences, graphic representation has performed and continues to perform a heuristic function for the development of theory in linguistics. This view leads to a reinterpretation not only of the place and function of graphic representation in theoretical linguistics today but also of the history of linguistics. The book suggests new directions for models in linguistics: by making use of the tools furnished by the principles of graphic design, within the context of the principles of the philosophy of science, linguistics can exploit the influence of graphic representation on theory. This is illustrated by two new three-dimensional models for linguistics designed to replace the two principal models now current—the matrix and the tree—both two-dimensional. An analysis of the ways in which new models grow out of old ones and improve upon them demonstrates how graphic representation can furnish linguistics with models and how the design of such models can be improved by applying the principles of graphic design. The view presented here has particular significance for the development of transformational-generative theory.

Taalkunde. --- Modellen. --- Grafische voorstellingen. --- Linguistics --- Linguistic models. --- Modeles linguistiques. --- Linguistique --- Graphic methods. --- Methodes graphiques. --- Mathematical linguistics --- Models, Linguistic --- Typology (Linguistics)