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Water diffusing into silica surfaces gives rise for several effectson diffusion behaviour and mechanical properties. Water added to silica glass increases its specific volume so that the silica expands near the surface. Mechanical boundary conditions give rise for compressive “swelling stresses”. This fact provides a tool for the interpretation of many experimental observations from literature.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- Quarzglas --- Hydroxylbildung --- Schwellen --- Diffussion --- Wasser/Quarzglas Reaktion --- silica --- silica/water reaction --- swelling --- diffusion

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Water diffusing into silica surfaces gives rise for several effects on diffusion behaviour and mechanical properties. In a preceding booklet, we focused on diffusion and fiber strengths and deformations which were obtained by water soaking under external loading. In the present booklet we deal with results and interpretations of strength increase in the absence of applied stresses.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- Quarzglas --- Schwellen --- Schädigung --- Diffusion --- Wasser/Quarzglas Reaktion --- Silica --- swelling --- damage --- diffusion --- water/silica glass reaction

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Wasser ist eine globale Ressource für heutige Gesellschaften – Wasser war eine globale Ressource vormoderner Gesellschaften. Die manigfaltigen unterschiedlicher Wassersysteme für Prozesse der Urbanisierung und das urbane Leben in der Antike und dem Mittelalter ist bislang kaum erforscht. Die zahlreichen Beiträge dieses Bandes fragen nach der grundlegenden kulturellen Bedeutung von Wasser ( bzw. power of water) in der Stadt und Wasser für die Stadt aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. Symbolische, ästhetische oder kultische Aspekte werden ebenso thematisiert wie die Rolle von Wasser in Politik, Gesellschaft oder Wirtschaft und dem alltäglichen Handeln, aber auch in Stadtplanungsprozessen oder städtischen Teilräumen. Nicht zuletzt stellen die Gefahren von verschmutzten Wasser oder Überschwemmungen die städtische Gesellschaft vor Herausforderungen. Die Beiträge diesen Band lenken den Blick auf die komplexen und vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen Wasser und Menschen. Das Sammelwerk präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer internationalen Tagung in Kiel 2018. Es wendet sich gleichermaßen an Leser aus den altertumskundlichen wie mediävistischen Fächern und darüberhinaus an alle Interessierten, die sich über die Vielfalt von Wassersystemen im Stadtraum der Antike und des Mittelalters informieren möchten. Water is a global resource for modern societies - and water was a global resource for pre-modern societies. The many different water systems serving processes of urbanisation and urban life in ancient times and the Middle Ages have hardly been researched until now. The numerous contributions to this volume pose questions such as what the basic cultural significance of water was, the power of water, in the town and for the town, from different points of view. Symbolic, aesthetic, and cult aspects are taken up, as is the role of water in politics, society, and economy, in daily life, but also in processes of urban planning or in urban neighbourhoods. Not least, the dangers of polluted water or of flooding presented a challenge to urban society. The contributions in this volume draw attention to the complex, manifold relations between water and human beings. This collection presents the results of an international conference in Kiel in 2018. It is directed towards both scholars in ancient and mediaeval studies and all those interested in the diversity of water systems in urban space in ancient and mediaeval times.     

Stadtentwicklung. --- Urbanistik. --- Urbanity. --- Wasser. --- Water. --- HISTORY / Ancient / Greece. --- City planning --- Municipal water supply. --- History --- Cities and towns --- Urban water --- Water, Municipal --- Water, Urban --- Municipal engineering --- Water-supply --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Government policy --- Management

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Includes material on irrigation in Mexico, Somalia, Morocco, the Andes, Bali, Cape Verde, Iran, and Sri Lanka.

Eau --- Approvisionnement agricole en eau --- Eau d'irrigation --- Irrigatie (waterhuishouding) --- Wasserversorgung --- Wasserrecht --- Landwirtschaft --- Bewässerungssystem --- Water-supply, Agricultural --- Water rights. --- Irrigation water --- 48.34 irrigation, drainage. --- Water rights --- Droit --- Congres. --- Management. --- Management --- Tucson --- Entwicklungsländer --- Developing countries. --- Water --- Agricultural water-supply --- Agriculture and water --- Water-supply, Rural --- Water in agriculture --- Rights, Water --- Riparian rights --- Water trusts --- Bewässerungswirtschaft --- Agrarwirtschaft --- Agrarsektor --- Landwirtschaftlicher Sektor --- Primärer Sektor --- Landbau --- Besonderes Verwaltungsrecht --- Wasser --- Rohstoffversorgung --- Wasserwirtschaft --- Irrigation --- Approvisionnement en eau --- Agriculture et eau --- Eau en agriculture --- Approvisionnement rural en eau --- Milieu aquatique --- Journée mondiale de l'eau --- Hydrosystèmes --- Hydrosphère --- Photographie de l'eau --- Spectacles aquatiques --- Mer --- Teneur en eau --- Écologie des eaux --- Hydrobiologie --- Hydrographie --- Hydrologie --- Génie hydraulique --- Cours d'eau --- Eau virtuelle --- Eau et civilisation --- Eau extraterrestre --- Eau pour usage pharmaceutique --- Air --- Brouillard --- Cycle hydrologique --- Gel --- Glace --- Humidité --- Inondations --- Masses d'eau --- Pluie --- Précipitations (météorologie) --- Rosée --- Vapeur --- Law and legislation --- Versorgung --- Approvisionnement agricole --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Dritte Welt --- Unterentwickelte Länder --- Entwicklungsland --- Less developed Countries --- LDC --- Globaler Süden --- Low-income Countries --- Blockfreie Staaten --- Schwellenländer --- Bewässerungswirtschaft --- Social & cultural anthropology --- Primärer Sektor --- Effets de l'eau --- Besoins en eau --- Vapeur d'eau