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Rethinking fiscal and monetary policy in an economic environment of high debt and low interest rates. Policy makers in advanced economies find themselves in an unusual fiscal environment: debt ratios are historically high, while real interest rates are extremely low. Such a fundamental change, which seems likely to last, calls for a rethinking of the role of fiscal and monetary policy -- and this is just what Olivier Blanchard proposes in Fiscal Policy under Low Interest Rates . There is a wide set of opinions about the direction fiscal policy should take. Some, pointing to the high debt levels, make debt reduction an absolute priority. Others, pointing to the low interest rates, are less worried; they suggest that there is still fiscal space, and, if justified, further increases in debt should not be ruled out. Blanchard argues that low interest rates decrease not only the fiscal costs of debt, but also the welfare costs of debt. At the same time, he shows how low rates decrease the room for maneuver of monetary policy -- and thus increase the benefits of using fiscal policy, including deficits and debt, for macroeconomic stabilization. In short, low rates imply lower costs and higher benefits of debt. Having sketched what optimal policy looks like, Blanchard considers three examples of fiscal policy in action: fiscal consolidation in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the large increase in debt in Japan, and the current US fiscal and monetary policy mix. His conclusions hold practical implications for economic and fiscal policy makers, bankers, and politicians around the world.

Fiscal policy --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- fiscal policy. --- economic conditions. --- interest. --- banking policy. --- monetary policy. --- economic indicator. --- majandusnäitaja --- ekonominis rodiklis --- economische indicator --- indicatore economico --- táscaire eacnamaíoch --- indicador económico --- indicator economic --- економски показател --- икономически индикатор --- hospodársky ukazovateľ --- gospodarski kazalec --- ekonomikas rādītājs --- економски показатељ --- ekonomski pokazatelj --- hospodářský ukazatel --- gazdasági mutató --- οικονομικός δείκτης --- wskaźnik gospodarczy --- økonomisk indikator --- tregues ekonomik --- Wirtschaftsindikator --- indikatur ekonomiku --- ekonomisk indikator --- indicateur économique --- taloudellinen indikaattori --- ekonomický ukazatel --- економски индикатор --- indice economico --- política monetaria --- politique monétaire --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- beartas airgeadaíochta --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetārā politika --- monetair beleid --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- τραπεζική πολιτική --- Bankpolitik --- panganduspoliitika --- banku politika --- bankbeleid --- банкова политика --- pankkitoimintapolitiikka --- polityka bankowa --- politique bancaire --- politica bancaria --- bankarska politika --- politika bankarja --- bančna politika --- beartas baincéireachta --- bankų politika --- política bancaria --- política bancária --- politikë bankare --- банкарска политика --- banková politika --- bankpolitik --- politică bancară --- bankovní politika --- bankpolitika --- banko politika --- intérêt --- ränta --- palūkanos --- procenti --- dobândă --- Zins --- kamata --- úrok --- τόκος --- imgħax --- intress --- obresti --- korko --- odsetki --- juro --- interes --- kamat --- камата --- interés --- rente --- интерес --- ús --- interesse --- norma e interesit --- intressimäär --- úroková sazba --- räntefot --- räntesats --- каматна стапка --- palūkanų norma --- úroková sadzba --- tipo de interés --- procentu likme --- kamatláb --- rentesats --- interest rate --- επιτόκιο --- kamatna stopa --- Zinsfuß --- úroková míra --- rata dobânzii --- taxa de juro --- Zinssatz --- rentevoet --- taux d'intérêt --- tasso d'interesse --- saggio d'interesse --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- politique fiscale --- politikë fiskale --- fiskális politika --- фискална политика --- belastingbeleid --- politika zdaňovania --- fiskální politika --- fiskālā politika --- skattepolitik --- politica fiscale --- porezna politika --- φορολογική πολιτική --- politika fiskali --- veropolitiikka --- fiskalna politika --- política fiscal --- polityka podatkowa --- fiskalinė politika --- beartas fioscach --- politică fiscală --- Steuerpolitik --- fiskaalpoliitika --- nodokļu politika --- maksupoliitika --- експанзивна фискална политика --- reforma zdaňovania --- politica taxelor --- iždo politika --- adópolitika --- политика на владина потрошувачка --- politikë për tatim-taksat --- taxation policy --- tax policy --- политика на оданочување --- politikë tatimore --- mokesčių politika --- fiscaal beleid --- контрактивна фискална политика --- maksustamispoliitika --- daňová politika --- fiškálna politika --- Monetary policy. --- Interest rates. --- Money market rates --- Rate of interest --- Rates, Interest --- Interest --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Debts, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Social policy. --- Investment management

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The effort to address climate change cuts across a wide range of non-environmental actors and policy areas, including international economic institutions such as the Group of Twenty (G20), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These institutions do not tend to address climate change so much as an environmental issue, but as an economic one, a dynamic referred to as 'economisation'. Such economisation can have profound consequences for how environmental problems are addressed. This book explores how the G20, IMF, and OECD have addressed climate finance and fossil fuel subsidies, what factors have shaped their specific approaches, and the consequences of this economisation of climate change. Focusing on the international level, it is a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and policymakers in the fields of politics, political economy and environmental policy. This title is also available as Open Access.

Climatic changes --- Environmental policy --- Economic aspects. --- climate change. --- environmental policy. --- fossil fuel. --- economic conditions. --- financing. --- international organisation. --- G20. --- International Monetary Fund. --- OECD. --- EBPO --- ΟΟΣΑ --- ESAO --- OCDE --- OCSE --- ОИСР --- ОЕЦД --- OESO --- OECD --- Ekonomiskās sadarbības un attīstības organizācija --- Οργανισμός Ευρωπαϊκής Οικονομικής Συνεργασίας --- Organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj --- Organizzazione per la cooperazione e lo sviluppo economici --- Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung --- Организация за икономическо сътрудничество и развитие --- Οργανισμός Οικονομικής Συνεργασίας και Ανάπτυξης --- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development --- An Eagraíocht um Chomhar Eacnamaíochta Eorp --- Organização de Cooperação e de Desenvolvimento Económico --- An Eagraíocht um Chomhar agus Forbairt Eacnamaíochta --- Organización Europea de Cooperación Económica --- OEEC --- Organizzazzjoni għal Kooperazzjoni u Żvilupp Ekonomiku --- Organizzazione europea di cooperazione economica --- Organisationen för europeiskt ekonomiskt samarbete --- Organisationen för ekonomiskt samarbete och utveckling --- Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos --- Organisation für europäische wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit --- Organizace pro hospodářskou spolupráci a rozvoj --- OBEE --- Taloudellisen yhteistyön ja kehityksen järjestö --- Организација за привредну сарадњу и развој --- ECFE --- Organisationen for Økonomisk Samarbejde og Udvikling --- OEES --- Organisationen for Europæisk Økonomisk Samarbejde --- Organizata për Bashkëpunim Ekonomik Europian --- Organizata për Bashkëpunim Ekonomik dhe Zhvillim --- Organisation for European Economic Cooperation --- Organisatie voor Economische Samenwerking en Ontwikkeling --- Majanduskoostöö ja Arengu Organisatsioon --- Organizația pentru Cooperare și Dezvoltare Economică --- Организација за економска соработка и развој --- Organização Europeia de Cooperação Económica --- OECE --- Organisation européenne de coopération économique --- ΟΕΟΣ --- Organizácia pre hospodársku spoluprácu a rozvoj --- Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques --- Organisatie voor Europese Economische Samenwerking --- Organizacja Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju --- Gazdasági Együttműködési és Fejlesztési Szervezet --- Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacija --- Organizacija za ekonomsku suradnju i razvoj --- Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- Rahvusvaheline Valuutafond --- Internationella valutafonden --- Den Internationale Valutafond --- Fondul Monetar Internațional --- Kansainvälinen valuuttarahasto --- An Ciste Airgeadaíochta Idirnáisiúnta --- Tarptautinis pinigų fondas --- Fond Monetarju Internazzjonali --- Fonds monétaire international --- Mezinárodní měnový fond --- Nemzetközi Valutaalap --- Fondo monetario internazionale --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Международен валутен фонд --- Mednarodni denarni sklad --- Fondi Monetar Ndërkombëtar --- Internationaal Muntfonds --- Меѓународен монетарен фонд --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Medzinárodný menový fond --- Međunarodni monetarni fond --- Међународни монтарни фонд --- Starptautiskais Valūtas fonds --- МВФ --- ММФ --- SVF --- IMF --- MDS --- IWF --- ΔΝΤ --- TPF --- FMI --- MMF --- MFW --- FMN --- Г-20 --- Grupa 20 --- Г20 --- Groupe des Vingt --- G-20 --- G20 --- Група 20 --- G 20 --- il-G20 --- земјите од Г20 --- Lielais divdesmitnieks --- замјите од Групата 20 --- Divdesmit valstu grupa --- Grupo dos Vinte --- G20-gruppe --- G-20 valstu grupa --- Grúpa an Fhichead --- Groep van 20 --- Gruppe der Zwanzig --- Grupi i Njëzetëshes --- Didysis dvidešimtukas --- gruppo dei 20 --- skupina G20 --- Ομάδα των 20 --- Grupi G20 --- gruppo dei venti --- Grupo dos 20 --- G20-maat --- skupina G-20 --- Gruppe der zwanzig wichtigsten Industrie- und Schwellenländer --- Groep van Twintig --- Група на дваесетте --- Group of 20 --- G20-lande --- Group of Twenty --- G20-ryhmä --- Grupul celor 20 --- G20-gruppen --- G-20-as országok --- grupa G-20 --- il-Grupp tal-Għoxrin --- Grupo de los Veinte --- cambio climático --- klimatska promjena --- tibdil fil-klima --- промена климе --- klimatförändring --- alteração climática --- kliimamuutus --- sprememba podnebja --- климатска промена --- zmiany klimatyczne --- changement climatique --- промяна на климата --- cambiamento climatico --- schimbare climatică --- ndryshim klimaterik --- změna klimatu --- klimata maiņa --- éghajlatváltozás --- zmena podnebia --- klimato kaita --- athrú aeráide --- klimaatsverandering --- Klimaveränderung --- ilmastonmuutos --- klimaændring --- κλιματική αλλαγή --- az éghajlat változása --- modificación del clima --- klimatiskā izmaiņa --- промена на климата --- klimatická změna --- klimatická zmena --- climatic change --- schimbări climatice --- organizatë ndërkombëtare --- organizacje międzynarodowe --- међународна организација --- международна организация --- διεθνείς οργανισμοί --- rahvusvaheline organisatsioon --- organisation internationale --- starptautiska organizācija --- organizații internaționale --- organizzazzjoni internazzjonali --- međunarodna organizacija --- international organisation --- nemzetközi szervezet --- eagraíocht idirnáisiúnta --- меѓународна организација --- medzinárodná organizácia --- internationell organisation --- organização internacional --- organización internacional --- mezinárodní organizace --- mednarodna organizacija --- internationale organisatie --- internationale Organisation --- kansainväliset järjestöt --- organizzazione internazionale --- tarptautinė organizacija --- nemzetközi társulás --- internationaal bestuur --- меѓународно здружение --- kansainvälinen hallinto --- international organisme --- međunarodno tijelo --- mezinárodní unie --- administración internacional --- órgano internacional --- internationell sammanslutning --- institución internacional --- international body --- international organization --- organismo internacional --- international institution --- starptautiska asociācija --- amministrazione pubblica internazionale --- international association --- mezinárodní orgán --- rahvusvaheline ühendus --- internationellt organ --- međunarodna asocijacija --- mezinárodní úřad --- меѓународен сојуз --- меѓународна институција --- kansainvälinen instituutio --- kansainvälinen elin --- διεθνής οργάνωση --- internationale öffentliche Verwaltung --- international administration --- starptautiska administratīva struktūra --- administration internationale --- medzinárodná inštitúcia --- administração pública internacional --- internationaal orgaan --- administrație internațională --- internationale instelling --- vrcholný orgán mezinárodní organizace --- tarptautinė administracija --- tarptautinė įstaiga --- kansainvälinen yhdistys --- starptautiska struktūra --- internationale overheidsadministratie --- mezinárodní sdružení --- výkonné orgány medzinárodnej organizácie --- medzinárodná asociácia --- amministrazione internazionale --- international offentlig administration --- διεθνής διοίκηση --- nemzetközi szerv --- internationale Behörde --- tarptautinė institucija --- меѓународно тело --- rahvusvaheline institutsioon --- nemzetközi igazgatás --- administratë ndërkombëtare --- association internationale --- mezinárodní svaz --- organism internațional --- mezinárodní instituce --- internationale Verwaltung --- institution internationale --- ente internazionale --- internationell institution --- administración pública internacional --- internationale Einrichtung --- shoqatë ndërkombëtare --- istituzione internazionale --- меѓународна унија --- internationale Institution --- instituição internacional --- mezinárodní asociace --- organismo internazionale --- výkonné orgány mezinárodní organizace --- medzinárodný orgán --- διεθνές θεσμικό όργανο --- institucion ndërkombëtar --- organisme international --- asociație internațională --- rahvusvaheline organ --- organ ndërkombëtar --- меѓународна асоцијација --- administration publique internationale --- internationell förvaltning --- rahvusvaheline asutus --- nemzetközi intézmény --- međunarodna institucija --- instituție internațională --- administração internacional --- tarptautinė asociacija --- financim --- финансирање --- finanszírozás --- finansavimas --- finanțare --- maoiniú --- finanzjament --- финансиране --- financovanie --- financement --- Finanzierung --- finansowanie --- finansiering --- rahoitus --- financiamento --- finantseerimine --- financiranje --- financiación --- finanziamento --- financování --- χρηματοδότηση --- financiering --- finansējums --- кредитирање --- maoiniúchán --- rahastamine --- финансиски инструменти --- majandustingimused --- condición económica --- dálaí eacnamaíocha --- икономически условия --- condition économique --- ekonomiska förhållanden --- ekonomické podmínky --- kushte ekonomike --- ekonominės sąlygos --- taloudelliset olot --- економски услови --- Wirtschaftsverhältnisse --- økonomisk stilling --- економске прилике --- condições económicas --- economische toestand --- warunki gospodarcze --- ekonomske prilike --- hospodárske podmienky --- gospodarske razmere --- gazdasági feltételek --- condizione economica --- οικονομικές συνθήκες --- kundizzjonijiet ekonomiċi --- saimnieciskie nosacījumi --- condiții economice --- aspecto económico --- tržní vývoj --- aspekt ekonomik --- aspetto economico --- aspeto económico --- οικονομική πλευρά --- ekonomisk aspekt --- околности во стопанството --- aspect economic --- markedsudvikling --- taloudellinen näkökohta --- οικονομική όψη --- ekonomiskais aspekts --- hospodářské podmínky --- economic aspect --- ekonomické poměry --- aspect économique --- majanduslik aspekt --- Marktentwicklung --- gazdasági szempontok --- економско опкружување --- economische aspecten --- gospodarske prilike --- ekonominis aspektas --- hospodárske hľadisko --- hospodářské aspekty --- økonomisk aspekt --- економски аспект --- degizraktenis --- фосилно гориво --- fjuwil fossili --- fosilní palivo --- fosílne palivo --- iškastinis kuras --- fossiilinen polttoaine --- combustibile fossile --- fossiele brandstof --- fossiilkütus --- fosilno gorivo --- combustibil fosil --- fossilt bränsle --- combustible fósil --- breosla iontaise --- fossiler Brennstoff --- paliwo kopalne --- изкопаемо гориво --- fosszilis tüzelőanyag --- karburant fosil --- ορυκτά καύσιμα --- fossilt brændsel --- combustible fossile --- combustível fóssil --- οργανικά καύσιμα --- ürgkütus --- karburant fossili --- aplinkos politika --- vides politika --- milieubeleid --- Umweltpolitik --- keskkonnapoliitika --- política do ambiente --- екологична политика --- okoljska politika --- polityka ochrony środowiska --- politika ambjentali --- политика заштите животне средине --- politica mediului înconjurător --- politika životného prostredia --- környezetvédelmi politika --- miljöpolitik --- politique de l'environnement --- politika okoliša --- politica ambientale --- política de medio ambiente --- politikë mjedisore --- miljøpolitik --- beartas comhshaoil --- περιβαλλοντική πολιτική --- политика за животна средина --- ympäristöpolitiikka --- environmentální politika --- miljøstyring --- starostlivosť o životné prostredie --- gestion de l'environnement --- política medioambiental --- gestione dell'ambiente --- política ambiental --- ochrana a tvorba životního prostředí --- upravljanje okolišem --- politica dell'ambiente --- menaxhim mjedisor --- ympäristöjohtaminen --- vides apsaimniekošana --- környezetpolitika --- miljöförvaltning --- Umweltpflege --- διαχείριση του περιβάλλοντος --- gospodarenje okolišem --- managementul mediului --- környezetgazdálkodás --- a környezet gondozása --- politika ochrany životního prostředí --- keskkonnajuhtimine --- politika na ochranu životního prostředí --- péče o životní prostředí --- gestión del medio ambiente --- politica in materia di ambiente --- environmental management --- aplinkos valdymas --- Umweltschutzpolitik --- gestão do ambiente --- milieubeheer --- climate change --- environmental policy --- environmental economics