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In economics, the voluntary sector is surprisingly understudied. In order to fully understand economics, unpaid and voluntary work needs to be taken into account and afforded the same status as paid activities. This book constitutes a rigorous economic analysis with special emphasis on gender issues and covers every conceivable angle of unpaid work and all its ramifications for the modern economy. The unified vision offered by this group of leading contributors ensures this book is a work of excellent quality. There is every chance it will become a seminal study on unpaid work and as such will provide a useful reference for students and academics involved in gender studies, econometrics, and consumption studies.

Unpaid labor. --- Women --- Wages --- Social conditions. --- Women.

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Wages are the main determinant of living standards for the vast majority of workers and families around the world. This manual describes a new methodology to measure what constitutes a decent but basic standard of living and how much workers need to earn to afford this, making it possible for researchers to estimate comparable living wages around the world and determine gaps between living wages and prevailing wages. The new, practical methodology in this manual draws on 10 years of research and experience to clearly explain each step in the estimation process, based on standards for a low-cost nutritious diet, healthy housing, and all other needs including decent health care and children's education. It stresses transparency and the need for time- and place-specific living wage estimates, and is replete with examples from country studies that have put it to the test. The authors describe how living wages can be estimated in locations and countries where secondary data are limited and make new, practical recommendations on how to value in kind benefits as partial payment of a living wage An essential tool for global sustainability standards, researchers, NGOs, governments and international organizations interested in wages, estimating realistic poverty lines, formulating policies for reducing poverty and income inequality, and improving livelihoods and international trade agreements. This manual is also an excellent tool for companies, global sustainability standards, trade unions, NGOs, and public-private partnerships, and others concerned with corporate social responsibility and human resources.

Cost and standard of living. --- Wages. --- Minimum wage. --- Minimum wages --- Wages --- Minimum wage --- Living wage movement --- Cost and standard of living --- Labour Economics --- Political Economy --- Development Economics

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Cet ouvrage s'intéresse aux populations confrontées à la recomposition des normes d’emploi et de travail à l'œuvre au cours des dernières décennies : jeunes générations entrant dans la vie active, travailleurs migrants, travailleurs des zones grises de l’emploi, travailleurs éduqués des nouveaux services confrontés au travail taylorisé et à bas salaire, dans les centres d’appels notamment. L'ouvrage cherche à répondre aux deux questions suivantes : quelles expériences ces populations font-elles des transformations sur le marché du travail ? En retour, que peuvent nous enseigner ces « figures de travailleurs » sur les dynamiques de la relation salariale et sur les segmentations nouvelles qui s’opèrent au sein du salariat en France mais aussi dans la comparaison avec les transformations à l’œuvre dans d’autres pays, dont les pays sud-américains ?

Labor market --- Wages --- salaire --- emploi --- travail --- gouvernance --- salariat --- marché du travail

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"The minimum wage debate is, among other things, contentious, polarizing, and at the forefront of ongoing political debate. Some argue that raising the minimum wage will pull working individuals and families out of poverty while reducing income inequality at an acceptable cost to society. Others contend that raising the minimum wage is a job killer: that when the cost of labor increases, demand for that labor decreases. Supporters of this argument cite a February 2014 CBO report that points to potential job losses numbering 500,000 as a result of President Obama's proposed national minimum wage increase to $10.10 an hour. Others, including noted economists, criticize the report for being based on "off-the-shelf estimates" and say that it fails to put an emphasis on the more rigorous studies examined in the report. And while policymakers have voted recently to increase the minimum wage in several states and municipalities, it will be years before the impacts of these increases, if any, will be detectable. The bottom line is that all the debate and recent action by policymakers does little to add clarity to the effects of raising the minimum wage. Finally, this book helps settle the issue. Based on a rigorous meta-analysis of more than 200 scholarly publications published since 1991 (most after 2000) that address the various impacts of raising the minimum wage, What Does the Minimum Wage Do? presents the most comprehensive, analytical, and unbiased assessment of the effects of minimum wage increases that has ever been produced. Authors Dale Belman and Paul J. Wolfson look at several outcomes influenced by increases in the minimum wage, how long it takes those outcomes to respond, the magnitude of effects, why increases in the minimum wage have the results they do, and the workers most likely to be impacted. Their painstaking analysis focuses mainly on studies using data from the United States, but also includes studies that focus on Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the UK, and other western European nations. This breadth and depth of investigation on the impacts of hikes in the minimum wage clarifies the issues surrounding, among other things, employment, wages, poverty and inequality, and effect by gender, and allows them to conclude the following: Moderate increases in the minimum wage, characteristic of the United States over the last half of the twentieth century, have the effect that was intended by the original supporters of such action: raising the minimum wage substantially increases the earnings of those at the bottom of the income distribution and reduces wage inequality; Negative effects on employment resulting from increases in the minimum wage were too small to be statistically detectable in the meta-analysis. Therefore, Belman and Wolfson conclude, employment effects are too modest to have meaningful consequences for public policy in the dynamically changing U.S. labor market; Evidence of positive spillover effects on the wages of those earning slightly more than the new minimum wage is mixed, but it generally supports their existence, particularly for women; The minimum wage should be seen as one of a set of policy tools aimed at improving the standard of living of the less well-off, and moderate increases in the minimum wage would likely aid low-income individuals and families, with acceptable costs to the nation. Interested in the effects of raising the minimum wage? If so, What Does the Minimum Wage Do? is essential reading."--Publisher's website.

Poverty. --- Working poor. --- Minimum wage. --- Poverty --- Working poor --- Minimum wage --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Working class --- Minimum wages --- Wages --- Living wage movement --- Employment --- E-books

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Wages --- Government policy --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices