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A new theory of how and why we cooperate, drawing from economics, political theory, and philosophy to challenge the conventional wisdom of game theory Game theory explains competitive behavior by working from the premise that people are self-interested. People don't just compete, however; they also cooperate. John Roemer argues that attempts by orthodox game theorists to account for cooperation leave much to be desired. Unlike competing players, cooperating players take those actions that they would like others to take-which Roemer calls "Kantian optimization." Through rigorous reasoning and modeling, Roemer demonstrates a simpler theory of cooperative behavior than the standard model provides.
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"Adopting a view of utilitarian ethics in which motivation in the public interest takes on greater weight than is generally appreciated, this book explores the extent to which the philosophy of Immanuel Kant is consistent with this nuanced version of utilitarianism. Kant's requirement that full ethical merit needs an agent to act purely 'from duty' to forward 'the universal end of happiness' rather than from a personal inclination to achieve that end clearly distinguishes his position from the version of utilitarian ethics adopted here. But this book also argues that Kant's approval of a secondary category of conduct - conduct 'in conformity with' duty - entailing other-regarding or 'sympathetic' motivation to advance general happiness, differs from the utilitarian position only in its meriting a qualified degree of ethical credit. After comparing Kant's position with those of eighteenth-century utilitarian writers from Locke to Bentham, the book evaluates reactions to Kant by J.S. Mill and Karl Marx and proposes Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) as a 'precursor' for maintaining a 'Kantian' doctrine of conduct 'from duty' and for other shared features. In terms of public policy, the work demonstrates Kant's justification of poor relief and reduced inequality, his proposal for a state education plan, and his opposition to paternalism. This book provides essential reading for academic specialists and students concerned with the interface of political economy and ethics, as well as the history of economic thought, political economy, history of ethics, history of political thought and intellectual history. Samuel Hollander is University Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto, Canada, and an Officer in the Order of Canada"--
Economics --- Equality. --- Paternalism. --- Utilitarianism. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Kant, Immanuel,
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Long description: Wie wollen und können wir die Zukunft gestalten? Wie die Herausforderungen, die technische Innovationen, Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) mit sich bringen, meistern? In diesem Band kommen Philosophen, Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaftler ebenso zu Wort wie Juristen, Bildungswissenschaftler und Ökonomen. Sie alle blicken vom speziellen Standpunkt ihres Fachs auf die Gestaltung der Zukunft. Als Brücke erweist sich dabei die Philosophie, welche die verschiedenen Perspektiven verknüpft und eint. Das Selbstverständnis von APHIN, des wissenschaftlichen und gemeinnützigen Arbeitskreises philosophierender Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler, – die Offenheit für die Fragen und Probleme des jeweils anderen – ist damit in allen Beiträgen gegenwärtig. Biographical note: Karsten Berr hat Landespflege, Soziologie und Philosophie studiert und 2008 mit einer Arbeit über G.W.F. Hegel promoviert. Er ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Universität Tübingen. Jürgen H. Franz hat nach dem Studium der Informationstechnik und Philosophie in beiden Bereichen promoviert. Er ist Abteilungsleiter am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie Professor an der Hochschule Düsseldorf gewesen. Er lehrt an der Cusanus Hochschule und ist Vorsitzender von APHIN.
Philosophie --- Nachhaltigkeit --- Digitalisierung --- Technik --- Zukunft --- Naturwissenschaft --- Immanuel Kant --- Künstliche Intelligenz --- Epikur --- KI --- Transhumanismus --- Henri Bergson --- Zukunftsvisionen --- roboterethik --- autonome Fahrassistenzsysteme
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Many governmental functions today - from the management of prisons and welfare offices to warfare and financial regulation - are outsourced to private entities. Education and health care are funded in part through private philanthropy rather than taxation. Can a privatized government rule legitimately? This book argues that it cannot. It argues that privatization constitutes a regression to a precivil condition - what philosophers centuries ago called 'a state of nature.'
Privatization. --- Contracting out --- Public contracts. --- Legitimacy of governments. --- Government policy. --- Bernardo Zacka. --- Debra Satz. --- Governing by Contract. --- James Pattison. --- Jody Freeman. --- Kant. --- Martha Minow. --- Outsourcing and American Democracy. --- Public Service and Moral Agency. --- The Morality of Private War. --- When the State Meets the Street. --- Why Some Things Should not be for Sale. --- civil service. --- delegation of power. --- democracy. --- dependence and independence. --- discretion. --- for-profit firms. --- freedom. --- legitimacy. --- nonprofit organizations. --- political authority. --- private prisons. --- welfare provision.
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No detailed description available for "Capitalism".
Capitalism. --- Capitalism --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Political aspects. --- E-books --- Adviser. --- Agriculture (Chinese mythology). --- Babylon. --- Burial. --- Capita. --- Cattle. --- Cemetery. --- Charles Fourier. --- Civil society. --- Class conflict. --- Coat of arms. --- Communism. --- Comparative advantage. --- Concept. --- Contradiction. --- Counter-revolutionary. --- Court order. --- Democracy. --- Demography. --- Dwelling. --- Economic policy. --- Economy of France. --- Economy. --- Entitlement. --- Escutcheon (heraldry). --- Explanation. --- Fertility. --- French Left. --- French Revolution of 1848. --- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. --- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. --- Government debt. --- Government. --- Grief. --- Heraldry. --- Hostility. --- Hugo Grotius. --- Illustration. --- Immanuel Kant. --- Imperialism. --- Industry. --- Institution. --- Jan van Eyck. --- King's Statue. --- Kinship. --- Leon Battista Alberti. --- Limited liability. --- Louis Blanc. --- Lucien Febvre. --- Lujo Brentano. --- Marquis de Condorcet. --- Metaphor. --- Montesquieu. --- Morality. --- Movie theater. --- Muteness. --- Negative liberty. --- Ossuary. --- Ownership. --- Pamphlet. --- Parameter. --- Philosophy of history. --- Phrase. --- Piety. --- Poverty. --- Primary sector of the economy. --- Probability distribution. --- Protestantism. --- Public opinion. --- Quantity. --- Result. --- Ruler. --- Sensor array. --- Slavery. --- Social capital. --- Social order. --- Society. --- Sociology. --- Stele. --- Tariff. --- Tax revenue. --- Terminology. --- The Communist Manifesto. --- The Grave Mound. --- The Other Hand. --- The Rothschilds (musical). --- The Various. --- The Wealth of Nations. --- Third Position. --- Third World. --- Thomas Hobbes. --- Tomb. --- Tumulus. --- Uffizi. --- Understanding. --- Uniqueness. --- Wealth. --- Welfare state. --- Writing.
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