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This volume contains the proceedings of the 14th Spring School of the LITP (Laboratoire d`Informatique Théorique et de Programmation, Université Paris VI-VII, CNRS) held May 12-16, 1986 in Argelès-Village on the French Catalan coast. This meeting was organized by C. Choffrut, M. Nivat, F. Robert, P. Sallé and gathered a hundred participants. The proceedings of the last two Spring Schools have already been published in this series and deal with "Automata on Infinite Words" (LNCS 192) and "Combinators and Functional Programming Languages" (LNCS 242). The purpose of this yearly meeting is to present the state of the art in a specific topic which has gained considerable maturity. The field chosen this year was the theory of automata networks. Though the content of this book is essentially restricted to computer science aspects of the topic, illustrations were given at the meeting on how the model of cellular automata could be used to solve problems in statistical, fluid and solid state mechanics. Applications to biology with growth models also exist.

Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- 681.3*F0 --- 681.3*I24 --- 681.3*I26 --- 681.3*J3 --- Computerwetenschap--?*F0 --- Knowledge representation formalisms and methods: frames and scripts; predicate logic; relation systems; representation languages; procedural and rule-based representations; semantic networks (Artificial intelligence) --- Learning: analogies; concept learning; induction; knowledge acquisition; language acquisition; parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32} --- Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- 681.3*J3 Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- 681.3*I26 Learning: analogies; concept learning; induction; knowledge acquisition; language acquisition; parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32} --- 681.3*I24 Knowledge representation formalisms and methods: frames and scripts; predicate logic; relation systems; representation languages; procedural and rule-based representations; semantic networks (Artificial intelligence) --- Computer science. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Informatics --- Science

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The Fourth International Working Conference on Statistical and Scientific Data Base Management (IV SSDBM) held on June 21-23, 1988 in Rome, Italy, continued the series of conferences initiated in California in December 1981. The purpose of this conference was to bring together database researchers, users and system builders, working in this specific field, to discuss the particular points of interest, to propose new solutions to the problems of the domain and to expand the topics of the previous conferences, both from the theoretical and from the applicational point of view. The papers of four scientific sessions dealt with the following topics: knowledge base and expert system, data model, natural language processing, query language, time performance, user interface, heterogeneous data classification, storage constraints, automatic drawing, ranges and trackers, and arithmetic coding. Two other special sessions presented work on progress papers on geographical data modelling, spatial database queries, user interface in an Object Oriented SDB, interpretation of queries, graphical query language and knowledge browsing front ends. The conference also had three invited papers on topics of particular interest such as "Temporal Data", "Statistical Data Management Requirements" and "Knowledge Based Decision Support Systems", included in this volume. The introductory paper by M. Rafanelli provides both an introduction to the general concepts helpful to people outside the field and a survey of all the papers in these Proceedings. Furthermore, there were three open panels. Papers by the chairmen, contributions of the panelists and a summary of the respective discussions are included in this volume, too.

Information systems --- Mathematical statistics --- Organization theory --- 681.3*G3 --- 681.3*H0 --- 681.3*I35 --- 681.3*J2 --- 681.3*J3 --- Probability and statistics: probabilistic algorithms (including Monte Carlo);random number generation; statistical computing; statistical software (Mathematics of computing) --- Computerwetenschap--?*H0 --- Computational geometry and object modeling (Computer graphics) --- Physical sciences and engineering (Computer applications) --- Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- 681.3*J3 Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- 681.3*J2 Physical sciences and engineering (Computer applications) --- 681.3*I35 Computational geometry and object modeling (Computer graphics) --- 681.3*G3 Probability and statistics: probabilistic algorithms (including Monte Carlo);random number generation; statistical computing; statistical software (Mathematics of computing) --- Data structures (Computer scienc. --- Practice of medicine. --- Database management. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Information technology. --- Data Structures and Information Theory. --- Health Administration. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Database Management. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- IT in Business. --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Medical practice --- Practice of medicine --- Physician practice acquisitions

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The purpose of this book is to develop neural nets as a strong theory for both brains and machines. The theory is developed in close correlation with the biology of the neuron and the properties of human reasoning. This approach implies the following: - Updating the biology of the artificialneuron. The neurosciences have experienced a tremendous development in the last 50 years. One of the main purposes of the present work is toincorporate this knowledge into a strong model of the artificial neuron. Particular attention is devoted to formalizing the complex chemical processes at the synaptic level. This formal language supports both symbolicreasoning and uncertainty processing. - Investigating the properties of expert reasoning. This kind of reasoning is approximate, partial and non-monotonic, and therefore requires special mathematical tools for its formalization, such as fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. Three different intelligent systems developed with this technology are presented and discussed.

Models, Neurological. --- Nerve Net. --- Neural Networks (Computer) --- Neural Pathways --- Brain --- -Neural networks (Computer science) --- 681.3*F11 --- 681.3*I26 --- 681.3*J2 --- 681.3*J3 --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Connectionist Models --- Models, Neural Network --- Neural Network Models --- Perceptrons --- Connectionist Model --- Model, Connectionist --- Model, Neural Network --- Models, Connectionist --- Network Model, Neural --- Network Models, Neural --- Network, Neural (Computer) --- Networks, Neural (Computer) --- Neural Network (Computer) --- Neural Network Model --- Perceptron --- Neural Networks (Anatomic) --- Nerve Nets --- Net, Nerve --- Nets, Nerve --- Network, Neural (Anatomic) --- Networks, Neural (Anatomic) --- Neural Network (Anatomic) --- Model, Neurological --- Neurologic Model --- Neurological Model --- Neurological Models --- Neurologic Models --- Model, Neurologic --- Models, Neurologic --- physiology. --- Physiology --- Models of computation: automata bounded action devices computability theory relations among models self-modifying machines unbounded-action devices--See also {681.3*F41} --- Learning: analogies concept learning induction knowledge acquisition language acquisition parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32} --- Physical sciences and engineering (Computer applications) --- Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- Neural networks (Computer science) --- Models --- Nerve net --- NEURAL NETWORKS (COMPUTER) --- NEURAL PATHWAYS --- Physiology. --- neurological --- physiology --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Nerve net. --- NEURAL NETWORKS (COMPUTER). --- neurological. --- 681.3*J3 Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- 681.3*J2 Physical sciences and engineering (Computer applications) --- 681.3*I26 Learning: analogies concept learning induction knowledge acquisition language acquisition parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32} --- 681.3*F11 Models of computation: automata bounded action devices computability theory relations among models self-modifying machines unbounded-action devices--See also {681.3*F41} --- Neural networks (computer). --- Neural pathways --- Neural networks (computer science). --- Neurological. --- Neurale netwerken (Informatica) --- Réseaux neuraux (Informatique) --- Models, Neurological --- Nerve Net --- 681.3*I26 Learning: analogies; concept learning; induction; knowledge acquisition; language acquisition; parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32} --- Learning: analogies; concept learning; induction; knowledge acquisition; language acquisition; parameter learning (Artificial intelligence)--See also {681.3*K32} --- 681.3*F11 Models of computation: automata; bounded action devices; computability theory; relations among models; self-modifying machines; unbounded-action devices--See also {681.3*F41} --- Models of computation: automata; bounded action devices; computability theory; relations among models; self-modifying machines; unbounded-action devices--See also {681.3*F41} --- Brain - Physiology. --- Computational Neural Networks --- Computational Neural Network --- Computer Neural Network --- Computer Neural Networks --- Network, Computational Neural --- Network, Computer Neural --- Networks, Computational Neural --- Networks, Computer Neural --- Neural Network, Computational --- Neural Network, Computer --- Neural Networks, Computational --- Artificial intelligence. --- Neurosciences. --- Engineering. --- Biology --- Computer science. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Complexity. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Data processing. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers