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Military religious orders --- History --- Templars --- Finance --- Economic conditions --- Europe --- Military religious orders - Europe - History - To 1500 - Congresses. --- Templiers --- Europe - Economic conditions - To 1492 - Congresses.

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This book examines the significance of the cotton trade in the Mediterranean traffic in the Later Middle Ages and evaluates its effects on the economy of the Occident. It covers all aspects of the production of, commerce and trade in cotton. The merchants of Venice, Genoa, Barcelona and Florence played the most important role in the cotton trade in the Mediterranean. The massing of supplies of raw material by the merchants of the four maritime cities led to the mass fabrication of cotton products. In this way Western society saw a remarkable growth in the consumption of cotton products in the Later Middle Ages.

Cotton trade --- Textile industry --- History --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Cotton trade -- Mediterranean Region -- History. --- Europe -- Economic conditions -- To 1492. --- Textile industry -- Mediterranean Region -- History. --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Textile industry and fabrics --- Textiles industry --- Manufacturing industries --- Handel. --- Katoen --- Coton --- Textiles et tissus --- Commerce --- Histoire --- Industrie --- Industrie et commerce --- History. --- Middellandse-Zeegebied. --- Conditions économiques --- Cotton trade - Mediterranean Region - History --- Textile industry - Mediterranean Region - History --- Europe - Economic conditions - To 1492 --- Méditerranée (région) --- Navigation --- Commerçants --- Commercialisation --- Moyen âge --- Conditions économiques --- Italie

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The horrors of the Great Famine (1315-1322), one of the severest catastrophes ever to strike northern Europe, lived on for centuries in the minds of Europeans who recalled tales of widespread hunger, class warfare, epidemic disease, frighteningly high mortality, and unspeakable crimes. Until now, no one has offered a perspective of what daily life was actually like throughout the entire region devastated by this crisis, nor has anyone probed far into its causes. Here, the distinguished historian William Jordan provides the first comprehensive inquiry into the Famine from Ireland to western Poland, from Scandinavia to central France and western Germany. He produces a rich cultural history of medieval community life, drawing his evidence from such sources as meteorological and agricultural records, accounts kept by monasteries providing for the needy, and documentation of military campaigns. Whereas there has been a tendency to describe the food shortages as a result of simply bad weather or else poor economic planning, Jordan sets the stage so that we see the complex interplay of social and environmental factors that caused this particular disaster and allowed it to continue for so long. Jordan begins with a description of medieval northern Europe at its demographic peak around 1300, by which time the region had achieved a sophisticated level of economic integration. He then looks at problems that, when combined with years of inundating rains and brutal winters, gnawed away at economic stability. From animal diseases and harvest failures to volatile prices, class antagonism, and distribution breakdowns brought on by constant war, northern Europeans felt helplessly besieged by acts of an angry God--although a cessation of war and a more equitable distribution of resources might have lessened the severity of the food shortages. Throughout Jordan interweaves vivid historical detail with a sharp analysis of why certain responses to the famine failed. He ultimately shows that while the northern European economy did recover quickly, the Great Famine ushered in a period of social instability that had serious repercussions for generations to come.

Famines --- History --- Histoire --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- -History --- -Famine --- Food supply --- Starvation --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- -Social conditions --- -Famines --- History. --- Conditions économiques --- Famine --- 476-1492 --- To 1492 --- Civilization [Medieval ] --- 14th century --- History of Europe --- anno 1300-1399 --- Famines - - History - Europe --- -Europe - Economic conditions - To 1492 --- Europe - History - 476-1492 --- Europe - Social conditions - To 1492 --- -Europe --- FAMINES --- CRISES --- EUROPE --- 14E SIECLE --- HISTOIRE --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES --- 14E-16E SIECLES --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES

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From the Publisher: This book examines the most important themes in European social and economic history from the beginning of growth around the year 1000 to the first wave of global exchange in the 1490s. These five hundred years witnessed the rise of economic systems, such as capitalism, and the social theories that would have a profound influence on the rest of the world over the next five centuries. The basic story, the human search for food, clothing, and shelter in a world of violence and scarcity, is a familiar one, and the work and daily routines of ordinary women and men are the focus of this volume. Surveying the full extent of Europe, from east to west and north to south, Steven A. Epstein illuminates family life, economic and social thought, war, technologies, and other major themes while giving equal attention to developments in trade, crafts, and agriculture. The great waves of famine and then plague in the fourteenth century provide the centerpiece of a book that seeks to explain the causes of Europe's uneven prosperity and its response to catastrophic levels of death. Epstein also sets social and economic developments within the context of the Christian culture and values that were common across Europe and that were the cause of constant tension with Muslims, Jews, and dissidents within its boundaries and the great Islamic and Tartar states on its frontier.

History of Europe --- anno 1100-1199 --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1000-1099 --- Economic history --- Social history --- Middle Ages. --- Histoire économique --- Histoire sociale --- Moyen Age --- Europe --- History --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Histoire --- Conditions sociales --- Conditions économiques --- Middle Ages --- Histoire économique --- Conditions économiques --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medievalism --- Renaissance --- Economic history - Medieval, 500-1500 --- Social history - Medieval, 500-1500 --- Europe - History - 476-1492 --- Europe - Social conditions - To 1492 --- Europe - Economic conditions - To 1492

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Explores the cultural framework within which changes in agricultural technology and economic organization occur and the ways in which changes in the social fabric influence attitudes toward rural work and the peasantry.

Agriculture --- History --- Congresses. --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- To 1492 --- Congresses --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- History&delete& --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Civilization [Medieval ] --- 476-1492 --- Social conditions --- Middle Ages --- Agriculture - Europe - History - Congresses. --- Europe - History - 476-1492 - Congresses. --- Europe - Economic conditions - To 1492 - Congresses. --- Europe - Social conditions - To 1492 - Congresses. --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Agriculture - Europe - History - Congresses --- Europe - History - 476-1492 - Congresses --- Europe - Social conditions - To 1492 - Congresses --- European History. --- History. --- Medieval and Renaissance Studies. --- World History.