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Most anyone interested in such topics as creation mythology, Jungian theory, or the idea of "secret teachings" in ancient Judaism and Christianity has found "gnosticism" compelling. Yet the term "gnosticism," which often connotes a single rebellious movement against the prevailing religions of late antiquity, gives the false impression of a monolithic religious phenomenon. Here Michael Williams challenges the validity of the widely invoked category of ancient "gnosticism" and the ways it has been described. Presenting such famous writings and movements as the Apocryphon of John and Valentinian Christianity, Williams uncovers the similarities and differences among some major traditions widely categorized as gnostic. He provides an eloquent, systematic argument for a more accurate way to discuss these interpretive approaches. The modern construct "gnosticism" is not justified by any ancient self-definition, and many of the most commonly cited religious features that supposedly define gnosticism phenomenologically turn out to be questionable. Exploring the sample sets of "gnostic" teachings, Williams refutes generalizations concerning asceticism and libertinism, attitudes toward the body and the created world, and alleged features of protest, parasitism, and elitism. He sketches a fresh model for understanding ancient innovations on more "mainstream" Judaism and Christianity, a model that is informed by modern research on dynamics in new religious movements and is freed from the false stereotypes from which the category "gnosticism" has been constructed.

Gnosticism. --- Rome --- Religion. --- Gnosticism --- 273.1 --- 273.1 Gnosis. Gnosticisme --- Gnosis. Gnosticisme --- Religion --- Cults --- Rome - Religion --- Against the Galilaeans. --- Agrippa Castor. --- Anchorite. --- Anthropomorphism. --- Anti-Judaism. --- Antinomianism. --- Antipope. --- Apocalypse. --- Apocrypha. --- Apocryphon. --- Apostasy. --- Asceticism. --- Blasphemy. --- Borborites. --- Cainites. --- Catharism. --- Celibacy. --- Cerdo (gnostic). --- Cerinthus. --- Christian Identity. --- Christian fundamentalism. --- Christianity. --- Church Fathers. --- Clement of Alexandria. --- Consubstantiality. --- Contra Celsum. --- Creation myth. --- Demiurge. --- Demonization. --- Dialogue with Trypho. --- Divine Spark. --- Doctrine. --- Elohim. --- Epiphanes (gnostic). --- Epistle to the Laodiceans. --- Ernst Troeltsch. --- Exegesis. --- Exorcism. --- False prophet. --- God. --- Good and evil. --- Gospel of Eve. --- Gospel of Philip. --- Heresy of the Free Spirit. --- Heresy. --- Heterodoxy. --- Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. --- Ideal type. --- Incorruptibility. --- Infidel. --- Irenaeus. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Judas Iscariot. --- Justification (theology). --- Justin Martyr. --- Manichaeism. --- Marcion of Sinope. --- Marcionism. --- Martyr. --- Metempsychosis. --- New religious movement. --- Nicolaism. --- Orthodox Judaism. --- Plotinus. --- Predestination. --- Problem of evil. --- Pseudo-Philo. --- Puritans. --- Pythagoreanism. --- Reform Judaism. --- Religious text. --- Renunciation. --- Sacred prostitution. --- Satan. --- Sect. --- Secularization. --- Self-denial. --- Sethianism. --- Sexual Desire (book). --- Sexual abstinence. --- Simon Magus. --- Skepticism. --- Sophia (Gnosticism). --- Spiritual marriage. --- Spirituality. --- Superiority (short story). --- Tertullian. --- The Other Hand. --- Theodicy. --- Theodotus of Byzantium. --- Theology. --- Thou shalt not commit adultery. --- Thou shalt not covet. --- Tractate. --- Wickedness. --- Writing. --- Zostrianos.

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Nietzsche's impact on the world of culture, philosophy, and the arts is uncontested, but his political thought remains mired in controversy. By placing Nietzsche back in his late-nineteenth-century German context, Nietzsche's Great Politics moves away from the disputes surrounding Nietzsche's appropriation by the Nazis and challenges the use of the philosopher in postmodern democratic thought. Rather than starting with contemporary democratic theory or continental philosophy, Hugo Drochon argues that Nietzsche's political ideas must first be understood in light of Bismarck's policies, in particular his "Great Politics," which transformed the international politics of the late nineteenth century.Nietzsche's Great Politics shows how Nietzsche made Bismarck's notion his own, enabling him to offer a vision of a unified European political order that was to serve as a counterbalance to both Britain and Russia. This order was to be led by a "good European" cultural elite whose goal would be to encourage the rebirth of Greek high culture. In relocating Nietzsche's politics to their own time, the book offers not only a novel reading of the philosopher but also a more accurate picture of why his political thought remains so relevant today.

Demokratie. --- Politik. --- Philosophie. --- Political and social views. --- Nietzsche, Friedrich, --- Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, --- Philosophieren --- Philosoph --- Philosophin --- Staatspolitik --- Politische Lage --- Politische Entwicklung --- Politische Situation --- Volksherrschaft --- Demokratischer Staat --- Democracy --- Herrschaftssystem --- Parteienstaat --- Republik --- Volkssouveränität --- Demokratische Bewegung --- Demokrat --- Postdemokratie --- Political and social views of a person --- After Virtue. --- Alexander Nehamas. --- Ancient Greece. --- Aphorism. --- Apollonian and Dionysian. --- Aristocracy. --- Arthur Schopenhauer. --- Bellum omnium contra omnes. --- Bernard Williams. --- Beyond Good and Evil. --- Bonnie Honig. --- Brian Leiter. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Career. --- Concept. --- Contemporary society. --- Contradiction. --- Critique. --- Darwinism. --- David Runciman. --- Democracy. --- Democratization. --- Disenchantment. --- Ethics. --- Existence. --- Franco-Prussian War. --- Friedrich Nietzsche. --- German philosophy. --- God is dead. --- Good and evil. --- Hegelianism. --- High culture. --- Hostility. --- Institution. --- Intellectual. --- J. W. Burrow. --- Jacques Derrida. --- Jews. --- John Rawls. --- Last man. --- Lecture. --- Legislation. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Literature. --- Machiavellianism. --- Martin Heidegger. --- Master–slave morality. --- Mazzino Montinari. --- Modernity. --- Morality. --- Nachlass. --- Nation state. --- Nihilism. --- Of Education. --- On the Genealogy of Morality. --- Oxford University Press. --- Pathos. --- Phenomenon. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks. --- Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. --- Philosophy. --- Plato. --- Platonism. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Politics. --- Postmodernism. --- Pre-Socratic philosophy. --- Princeton University Press. --- Quentin Skinner. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Ralph Waldo Emerson. --- Realpolitik. --- Regulatory state. --- Religion. --- Republic (Plato). --- Ressentiment. --- Rhetoric. --- Romanticism. --- Routledge. --- Self-interest. --- Slavery. --- State (polity). --- State of nature. --- Suggestion. --- Superiority (short story). --- The Birth of Tragedy. --- The End of History and the Last Man. --- The Gay Science. --- The Philosopher. --- Theory. --- Thomas Hobbes. --- Thought. --- Thus Spoke Zarathustra. --- Tractatus Politicus. --- Transvaluation of values. --- Twilight of the Idols. --- Will to power. --- Writing.

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The international controversy over who "owns" antiquities has pitted museums against archaeologists and source countries where ancient artifacts are found. In his book Who Owns Antiquity?, James Cuno argued that antiquities are the cultural property of humankind, not of the countries that lay exclusive claim to them. Now in Whose Culture?, Cuno assembles preeminent museum directors, curators, and scholars to explain for themselves what's at stake in this struggle--and why the museums' critics couldn't be more wrong. Source countries and archaeologists favor tough cultural property laws restricting the export of antiquities, have fought for the return of artifacts from museums worldwide, and claim the acquisition of undocumented antiquities encourages looting of archaeological sites. In Whose Culture?, leading figures from universities and museums in the United States and Britain argue that modern nation-states have at best a dubious connection with the ancient cultures they claim to represent, and that archaeology has been misused by nationalistic identity politics. They explain why exhibition is essential to responsible acquisitions, why our shared art heritage trumps nationalist agendas, why restrictive cultural property laws put antiquities at risk from unstable governments--and more. Defending the principles of art as the legacy of all humankind and museums as instruments of inquiry and tolerance, Whose Culture? brings reasoned argument to an issue that for too long has been distorted by politics and emotionalism. In addition to the editor, the contributors are Kwame Anthony Appiah, Sir John Boardman, Michael F. Brown, Derek Gillman, Neil MacGregor, John Henry Merryman, Philippe de Montebello, David I. Owen, and James C. Y. Watt.

Antiquities -- Collection and preservation -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Antiquities -- Collection and preservation -- Social aspects. --- Cultural property -- Protection. --- Cultural property -- Repatriation. --- Excavations (Archaeology) -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Museum exhibits -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Museums -- Acquisitions -- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Museums -- Philosophy. --- Museums --- Museum exhibits --- Cultural property --- Antiquities --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- General --- Museum Publications --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Acquisitions --- Protection --- Repatriation --- Collection and preservation --- Social aspects --- Philosophy --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Protection. --- Repatriation. --- Philosophy. --- Display techniques --- Displays, Museum --- Museum displays --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Repatriation of cultural property --- Cultural property, Protection of --- Cultural resources management --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Exhibitions --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Restitution --- Public institutions --- Cabinets of curiosities --- Museum techniques --- Archaeology --- Cultural policy --- Historic preservation --- Material culture --- 037 --- 069.01 --- 7.025.7 --- 7.025.7 Kunstwerken: verlies, teloorgang door o.a. diefstal of tijdens transport --- Kunstwerken: verlies, teloorgang door o.a. diefstal of tijdens transport --- 069.01 Museologie --- Museologie --- Collection and preservation&delete& --- Acquisitions&delete& --- musea --- Musées --- Objets exposés --- Biens culturels --- Antiquités --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Aspect moral --- Collections et conservation --- Aspect social --- Philosophie --- Accessibility. --- American Journal of Archaeology. --- American Schools of Oriental Research. --- Ancient Egypt. --- Ancient Greece. --- Ancient Greek art. --- Antiquities. --- Archaeological context. --- Archaeological site. --- Archaeology. --- Art Loss Register. --- Art museum. --- Arts and Crafts movement. --- Beijing. --- Benin. --- Burial. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Capital Museum. --- Censorship. --- Circumstantial evidence. --- Civilization. --- Collecting. --- Colonialism. --- Consideration. --- Cosmopolitanism. --- Country of origin. --- Crime. --- Criticism. --- Cultural Property (Japan). --- Cultural appropriation. --- Cultural heritage. --- Cultural nationalism. --- Cultural property law. --- Cultural property. --- Curator. --- Elgin Marbles. --- Epigraphy. --- Euphronios Krater. --- Fu Hao. --- Funding. --- Iconoclasm. --- Ideology. --- Indigenous peoples. --- Insider. --- Institution. --- Intellectual property. --- International Council of Museums. --- J. Paul Getty Museum. --- Jews. --- Kenya. --- Kwame Anthony Appiah. --- Lansdowne portrait. --- Lecture. --- Legislation. --- Literature. --- Looting. --- Material culture. --- Matthew Bogdanos. --- Member state. --- Metropolitan Museum of Art. --- Museum. --- National Museum of the American Indian. --- National Palace Museum. --- National Treasure (Japan). --- National treasure. --- Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. --- Neolithic. --- Newspaper. --- Ownership. --- Partage. --- Personhood. --- Philistinism. --- Private collection. --- Provenance. --- Publication. --- Punitive expedition. --- Repatriation (humans). --- Rhetoric. --- Roman art. --- Ruler. --- Smithsonian Institution. --- Smuggling. --- Sophistication. --- State ownership. --- Statute. --- Superiority (short story). --- Taliban. --- Tax. --- The Hundreds. --- The New York Review of Books. --- The New York Times. --- Theft. --- Tomb of Fu Hao. --- Tomb. --- Treaty. --- Tribal art. --- UNESCO. --- Urkesh. --- Work of art. --- World Heritage Site.