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In the early modern age more people traveled farther than at any earlier time in human history. Many returned home with stories of distant lands and at least some of the objects they collected during their journeys. And those who did not travel eagerly acquired wondrous materials that arrived from faraway places. Objects traveled various routes-personal, imperial, missionary, or trade-and moved not only across space but also across cultures. Histories of the early modern global culture of collecting have focused for the most part on European Wunderkammern, or "cabinets of curiosities." But the passion for acquiring unfamiliar items rippled across many lands. The court in Java marveled at, collected, and displayed myriad goods brought through its halls. African princes traded captured members of other African groups so they could get the newest kinds of cloth produced in Europe. Native Americans sought colored glass beads made in Europe, often trading them to other indigenous groups. Items changed hands and crossed cultural boundaries frequently, often gaining new and valuable meanings in the process. An object that might have seemed mundane in some cultures could become a target of veneration in another. The fourteen essays in Collecting Across Cultures represent work by an international group of historians, art historians, and historians of science. Each author explores a specific aspect of the cross-cultural history of collecting and display from the dawn of the sixteenth century to the early decades of the nineteenth century. As the essays attest, an examination of early modern collecting in cross-cultural contexts sheds light on the creative and complicated ways in which objects in collections served to create knowledge-some factual, some fictional-about distant peoples in an increasingly transnational world.

Material culture --- Antiquities --- Preservation of materials. --- First contact of aboriginal peoples with Westerners --- Exchange --- Commerce --- Economic anthropology --- Economics --- Supply and demand --- Aboriginal peoples' first contact with Westerners --- Contact, First, of aboriginal peoples with Westerners --- Westerners, First contact of aboriginal peoples with --- Discoveries in geography --- Collection and preservation --- Materials --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Archaeology --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Collectors and collecting. --- History. --- Preservation --- Atlantic Ocean Region --- Atlantic Area --- Atlantic Region --- exoticism --- History of civilization --- collecting --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Preservation of materials --- Collectors and collecting --- History --- Contact, First (Anthropology) --- Cultural contact --- Interethnic contact --- Anthropology --- First contact (Anthropology) --- cultural diffusion --- collecting curiosities --- American History. --- American Studies. --- European History. --- World History.

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Proto-colonial archaeology explores the physical origins of the world culture that evolved out of contacts made in the Age of Exploration, from Columbus to Cromwell. The early defended sites show how colonizing Europeans first responded to the challenges of new environments and new peoples, and how their choices led to conquest, adaption, or failure. Fortifications, once necessary to protect the colonies, are now essential clues to understand their history. The first comparative study of proto-colonial fortifications, First Forts is a collection of essays written by leading archaeologists in the field. Meeting the needs of archaeologists and historians around the globe, this book will also appeal to military enthusiasts, preservationists, and students of the Age of Exploration. Contributors are David Orr, Kathleen Deagan, Steven Pendery, Eric Klingelhofer, Nicholas Luccketti, Edward Harris, Roger Leech, Paul Huey, Jay Haviser, Oscar Hefting, Christopher DeCorse, Ranjith Jayasena and Pieter Floore.

Fortification --- Culture conflict --- First contact of aboriginal peoples with Westerners --- Colonization --- Archaeology and history --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- History. --- Europe --- Europeans --- Colonies --- History --- Antiquities. --- First contact of aboriginal peoples with Westerners. --- Archaeology and history. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Historical archaeology --- History and archaeology --- Ethnology --- Aboriginal peoples' first contact with Westerners --- Contact, First, of aboriginal peoples with Westerners --- Westerners, First contact of aboriginal peoples with --- Discoveries in geography --- Cultural conflict --- Culture wars --- Conflict of cultures --- Intercultural conflict --- Social conflict --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Contact, First (Anthropology) --- Cultural contact --- Interethnic contact --- Anthropology --- First contact (Anthropology) --- Fortification - History. --- Culture conflict - History. --- Colonization - History. --- Europe - Colonies - History --- Europeans - Antiquities.