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Godsdienst --- Egypt --- Gewetensvrijheid --- Liberté de conscience --- 261.7 (082)

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There is a myth—easily shattered—that Western societies since the Enlightenment have been dedicated to the ideal of protecting the differences between individuals and groups, and another—too readily accepted—that before the rise of secularism in the modern period, intolerance and persecution held sway throughout Europe. In Beyond the Persecuting Society John Christian Laursen, Cary J. Nederman, and nine other scholars dismantle this second generalization.If intolerance and religious persecution have been at the root of some of the greatest suffering in human history, it is nevertheless the case that toleration was practiced and theorized in medieval and early modern Europe on a scale few have realized: Christians and Jews, the English, French, Germans, Dutch, Swiss, Italians, and Spanish had their proponents of and experiments with tolerance well before John Locke penned his famous Letter Concerning Toleration. Moving from Abelard to Aphra Behn, from the apology for the gentiles of the fourteenth-century Talmudic scholar, Menahem ben Solomon Ha-MeIiri, to the rejection of intolerance in the "New Israel" of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Beyond the Persecuting Society offers a detailed and decisive correction to a vision of the past as any less complex in its embrace and abhorrence of diversity than the present.

Religious tolerance --- History. --- -172.3 --- Tolerance, Religious --- Toleration --- Religie en staat. Gewetensvrijheid. Intolerantie. Tolerantie --- 172.3 Religie en staat. Gewetensvrijheid. Intolerantie. Tolerantie --- 172.3 --- History

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Immigrants --- Religious life --- Congresses --- 342.731 <4> --- 342.731 <4> Vrijheid van godsdienst. Gewetensvrijheid--Europa --- Vrijheid van godsdienst. Gewetensvrijheid--Europa --- Conferences - Meetings

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Christian church history --- Persecution --- Religious tolerance --- History --- Congresses. --- 322 --- 172.3 --- -Religious tolerance --- -Tolerance, Religious --- Toleration --- Christians --- Religious persecution --- Atrocities --- Godsdienstige tolerantie. Godsdienstpolitiek --- Religie en staat. Gewetensvrijheid. Intolerantie. Tolerantie --- -Congresses --- Persecutions --- -Godsdienstige tolerantie. Godsdienstpolitiek --- 172.3 Religie en staat. Gewetensvrijheid. Intolerantie. Tolerantie --- 322 Godsdienstige tolerantie. Godsdienstpolitiek --- -172.3 Religie en staat. Gewetensvrijheid. Intolerantie. Tolerantie --- Tolerance, Religious --- History&delete& --- Congresses --- Vervolgingen (Godsdienstige). (Congres) --- Tolérance. (Congrès) --- Persécutions religieuses. (Congrès) --- Verdraagzaamheid. (Congres) --- Persecution - History - Congresses. --- Religious tolerance - History - Congresses.

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Religious symbols are loaded with meaning, not only for those who display them. They have generated controversy in many circles, be they religious or secular, public or private, and within or outside academia. Debate has taken place throughout Europe and beyond, at times leading to limitations or bans of religious symbols. While this debate might seem whimsical in occasional flare-ups, it merits closer scrutiny, precisely because it is part of a long-running debate, it crosses boundaries and because it touches upon larger underlying questions. This book singles out a particularly contentious issue: religious symbols in public functions and it focuses on the judiciary, the police and public education. It is often argued that public officials in these functions should be 'neutral' which consequently implies that they cannot display religious symbols. This book aims to unravel this line of thought to the core. It disentangles the debate as it has been conducted in the Netherlands and studies the concept of state neutrality in depth. Furthermore, it appraises the arguments put forward against the background of three contexts: the European Convention on Human Rights, France and England. It critically questions whether state neutrality can necessitate and/or even justify limitations on the freedom of public officials to display religious symbols. Although this book is the result of an academic legal study, it can be read by students, academics, professionals, or anyone interested in the issue of religious symbols in public functions.

Human rights --- Administrative law --- Freedom of religion --- Liberté religieuse --- Netherlands --- England --- France --- Pays-Bas --- Angleterre --- Officials and employees --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Fonctionnaires --- Droit --- Législation --- 342.731 <4> --- Vrijheid van godsdienst. Gewetensvrijheid--Europa --- 342.731 <4> Vrijheid van godsdienst. Gewetensvrijheid--Europa --- Liberté religieuse --- Législation --- Royaume-Uni --- Symboles de foi --- Fonction publique --- Etudes comparatives