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This volume features essays that explore the insights of the 14th-century Parisian nominalist philosopher, John Buridan. It serves as a companion to the Latin text edition and annotated English translation of his question-commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul. The contributors survey Buridan’s work both in its own historical-theoretical context and in relation to contemporary issues. The essays come in three main sections, which correspond to the three books of Buridan’s Questions. Coverage first deals with the classification of the science of the soul within the system of Aristotelian sciences, and surveys the main issues within it. The next section examines the metaphysics of the soul. It considers Buridan’s peculiar version of Aristotelian hylomorphism in dealing with the problem of what kind of entity the soul (in particular, the human soul) is, and what powers and actions it has, on the basis of which we can approach the question of its essence. The volume concludes with a look at Buridan’s doctrine of the nature and functions of the human intellect. Coverage in this section includes the problem of self-knowledge in Buridan’s theory, Buridan’s answer to the traditional medieval problem concerning the primary object of the intellect, and his unique treatment of logical problems in psychological contexts.

Philosophy. --- History. --- Medieval philosophy. --- Philosophy of mind. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Psychology. --- Medieval Philosophy. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Mind. --- History of Psychology. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Philosophy, medieval. --- Consciousness. --- Psychology --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Spirit --- Self --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Behavioral sciences --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Soul --- Mental health --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Science --- Social sciences

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Logic, Medieval. --- Medieval logic --- Logic, Medieval

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The Immateriality of the Human Mind, the Semantics of Analogy, and the Conceivability of God brings together the work of experts in the field of medieval philosophy to consider the nature of God and the soul, what can be known of the divine essence and the semantics of theological discourse from the perspectives of medieval theology (both natural and revealed), logic and natural philosophy. In his capacity as an arts master commenting on a work of natural philosophy, Aristotle s De Anima, John Buridan discusses the immateriality of the intellect against the background of the competing, mutually exclusive views of Alexander of Aphrodisias and Averroes. Aquinas takes up the same issue, but in a more properly theological setting, in his Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, where Aquinas argues that the being of the intellect is independent of matter. Thomas de Vio Cajetan considers the semantics of theological discourse or God talk in order to derive a proper means to speak of the divine essence in his De Nominum Analogia; and Anselm of Canterbury s Proslogion seeks with unaided reason to develop a single proof whereby those who think seriously of anything as that than which nothing greater can be thought may know that God exists.

Theology, Doctrinal. --- God --- Intellect. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Théologie dogmatique --- Dieu --- Intelligence --- Philosophie médiévale --- Proof. --- Existence --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Immaterialism (Philosophy) --- Soul --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Intellect --- Knowableness --- History of doctrines --- Théologie dogmatique --- Philosophie médiévale --- God - Knowableness - History of doctrines - Middle Ages, 600-1500

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For medieval thinkers, the distinction between intentional and extra-mental reality does not precipitate a Kantian turn to the subject. Rather, they allow that metaphysics and natural philosophy study things as they are and leave to logic the investigation of things as conceived. Within this broad scheme, there is much room for debate regarding whether and to what extent Aristotle s categories comprise an accurate picture of what types of things exist. Closely tied to consideration of what types of things exist are questions concerning how language reflects the relations that hold among these things. For instance, both substances and the accidents parasitic on their existence are said to be, but not in the same way. The essays in Categories, and What is Beyond draw on the philosophical traditions of late antiquity and the middle ages to study what types of things there are, the extent to which our knowledge of these entities is accurate, how (and whether) the semantics of analogy are competent to adjust for the difference and diversity found amongst analogates, and some ways in which these considerations bear on our ability to learn and speak of God.

Categories (Philosophy) --- Metaphysics --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Medieval