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This book investigates the influence of self-organisation processes on the commuting of the poor workers in urban China. It suggests a new approach to investigate and measure individual access, and it argues that dynamic interactions between individual action and social structure influence individual’s access to transport, which cannot be measured using other traditional accessibility approaches. The overwhelming majority of models in transport research assume that socio-economic factors and the built-environment influence the accessibility of transport for individuals. This book provides evidence that individual decision-makings and actions are also vital factors to bring out changes in accessibility. Further, the study adopts a self-organisation process and structuration theory to illustrate that a significant proportion of travel problems of migrants are rooted in the interaction between actions and social structures. Any change in migrants’ actions or social structures in the self-organisation process would result in the production of complex and spontaneous travel behaviour. The self-organisation approach presented provides a new approach for urban transport planning in the future, particularly on the investigation of the accessibility of disadvantaged social groups. By using the social theories, transport research can have an effect on commuting behaviour and to improve poor workers’ quality of life.

Self-organizing systems. --- Learning systems (Automatic control) --- Self-optimizing systems --- Cybernetics --- Intellect --- Learning ability --- Synergetics --- Sociology, Urban. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Human geography. --- Sustainable development. --- Urban Studies/Sociology. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Human Geography. --- Sustainable Development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Regional development --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Landscape protection --- Urban sociology --- Environmental aspects --- Government policy --- Management

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Self-organizing systems.

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Chinese fiction --- Translations into English --- China --- Social life and customs --- Fiction.

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Short stories, Chinese --- -Translations into English --- China --- -Social life and customs --- -Fiction --- S16/0470 --- -Chinese short stories --- Chinese fiction --- China: Literature and theatrical art--Modern tales, short stories, prose: texts and translations --- Translations into English --- Social life and customs --- -Fiction. --- Translations into English. --- -China: Literature and theatrical art--Modern tales, short stories, prose: texts and translations --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Fiction. --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Short stories, Chinese - - Translations into English --- China - Social life and customs - Fiction --- -China

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S16/0165 --- Chinese literature --- -Chinese literature --- -China: Literature and theatrical art--General anthologies of traditional literature --- History and criticism --- Translations into English --- History and criticism. --- Translations into English. --- China: Literature and theatrical art--General anthologies of traditional literature