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The complex politics of English as a world language provides the backdrop both for linguistic studies of varieties of English around the world and for postcolonial literary criticism. The present volume offers contributions from linguists and literary scholars that explore this common ground in a spirit of open interdisciplinary dialogue. Leading authorities assess the state of the art to suggest directions for further research, with substantial case studies ranging over a wide variety of topics - from the legitimacy of language norms of lingua franca communication to the recognition of newer post-colonial varieties of English in the online OED. Four regional sections treat the Caribbean (including the diaspora), Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Australasia and the Pacific Rim. Each section maintains a careful balance between linguistics and literature, and external and indigenous perspectives on issues. The book is the most balanced, complete and up-to-date treatment of the topic to date.
English language --- Sociolinguistics --- Anglais (langue) --- Langage --- Germanic languages --- Social aspects. --- Langue universelle --- Politique linguistique
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English language --- Anglais (Langue) --- Clauses --- Discourse analysis --- Propositions --- Analyse du discours --- Langue anglaise --- --Grammaire --- --Discours --- --Analyse --- --English language --- Infinitival constructions --- Complement --- Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Infinitival constructions. --- -Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- -802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- 802.0-56 --- Syntax --- Verb phrase --- Grammar --- Clauses. --- Complement. --- Discourse analysis. --- Germanic languages --- Grammaire --- Discours --- Analyse --- English language - Infinitival constructions --- English language - Clauses --- English language - Complement
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Standard English has evolved and developed in many ways over the past hundred years. From pronunciation to vocabulary to grammar, this concise survey clearly documents the recent history of Standard English. Drawing on large amounts of authentic corpus data, it shows how we can track ongoing changes to the language, and demonstrates each of the major developments that have taken place. As well as taking insights from a vast body of literature, Christian Mair presents the results of his own cutting-edge research, revealing some important changes which have not been previously documented. He concludes by exploring how social and cultural factors, such as the American influence on British English, have affected Standard English in recent times. Authoritative, informative and engaging, this book will be essential reading for anyone interested in language change in progress, particularly those working on English, and will be welcomed by students, researchers and language teachers alike.
Historical linguistics --- English language --- Dialectology --- anno 1900-1999 --- taalverandering --- 802.0-024 --- 802.0-024 Modern Engels--(vanaf 16de eeuw) --- Modern Engels--(vanaf 16de eeuw) --- standaardtaal. --- taalverandering. --- Linguistic change --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Language and languages --- Standardization --- Variation --- History --- Dialects --- Engelse taal --- geschiedenis. --- Standardization. --- Variation. --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Germanic languages
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As a counterexample to unidirectionality in grammaticalization, Newmeyer (1998:270) cites the loss of second-person singular subject clitics, e.g., in hastou and wiltou, in 16th century English (Kroch et al. 1982). These forms are a common, albeit optional, feature of Middle English. Though full thou forms replace -tou/-tow clitics in Early Modern English, second-person plural enclitics, subject proclitics, and object enclitics attest to the continued viability of clisis. This paper argues that -tou/-tow is a reduced form, not a clitic, its disappearance being attributable to loss of a phonological rule, not decliticization. This change predates the replacement of thou by you, the non-expression of subjects in imperatives, and the spread of do in questions and is sudden rather than gradual.
English language --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis --- Corpus linguistics. --- Corpuslinguïstiek. --- Engelse taal --- Discourse analysis. --- Grammaticalization. --- discoursanalyse. --- discourse analysis. --- grammaticalisatie. --- 802.0-56 --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Grammaticalization --- English Language --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- Germanic languages --- English language - Discourse analysis --- Discoursanalyse. --- Grammaticalisatie.
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From being the occupation of a marginal (and frequently marginalised) group of researchers, the linguistic analysis of machine-readable language corpora has moved to the mainstream of research on the English language. In this process an impressive body of results has accumulated which, over and above the intrinsic descriptive interest it holds for students of the English language, forces a major and systematic re-thinking of foundational issues in linguistic theory. Corpus linguistics and linguistic theory was accordingly chosen as the motto for the twentieth annual gathering of ICAME, the International Computer Archive of Modern/ Medieval English, which was hosted by the University of Freiburg (Germany) in 1999. The present volume, which presents selected papers from this conference, thus builds on previous successful work in the computer-aided description of English and at the same time represents an attempt at stock-taking and methodological reflection in a linguistic subdiscipline that has clearly come of age. Contributions cover all levels of linguistic description - from phonology/ prosody, through grammar and semantics to discourse-analytical issues such as genre or gender-specific linguistic usage. They are united by a desire to further the dialogue between the corpus-linguistic community and researchers working in other traditions. Thereby, the atmosphere ranges from undisguised skepticism (as expressed by Noam Chomsky in an interview which is part of the opening contribution by Bas Aarts) to empirically substantiated optimism (as, for example, in Bernadette Vine's significantly titled contribution Getting things done).
802.0-56 --- Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- 802.0-56 Engels: syntaxis; semantiek --- Computational linguistics --- English language --- Linguistics --- Discourse analysis --- Data processing --- Research
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Faces of English explores the phenomenon of increasing dialects, varieties, and creoles, even as the spread of globalization supports an apparently growing uniformity among nations. The book's chapters supply descriptions of Jamaican English in Toronto, English as an L2 in a South African mining township, Chinese and English contact in Singapore, unexpected, emergent variants in Canadian English, and innovations in the English of West Virginia. Further, the book offers some perspective on internet English as well as on abiding uniformities in the lexicon and grammar of standard varieties. In the analyses of this heterogeneous growth such considerations as speakers' sociolinguistic profiles, phonological, morpho-syntactic, and lexical variables, frequencies, and typological patterns provide ample insight in the current status of English both in oral and electronic communities. The opening chapter presents a theoretical framework that argues for linguistic typology as conceptually resourceful in accommodating techniques of analysis and in distinguishing the wide arrays of English found throughout the globe. One clear function for Faces of English is that of a catalyst: to spur studies of diversities in English (and in other languages), to suggest approaches to adapt, to invite counterargument and developments in analysis.
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This book examines the special nature of English both as a global and a local language, focusing on some of the ongoing changes and on the emerging new structural and discoursal characteristics of varieties of English. Although it is widely recognised that processes of language change and contact bear affinities, for example, to processes observable in second-language acquisition and lingua franca use, the research into these fields has so far not been sufficiently brought into contact with each other. The articles in this volume set out to combine all these perspectives in ways that give us a better understanding of the changing nature of English in the modern world.
English language --- E-books --- Globalization. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- English. --- Lingua Franca Use. --- Second-Language Acquisition.
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What factors influence the choice between alternative grammatical structures such as the following: a lit / a lighted cigarette, more full / fuller of convincing arguments, the main thesis of the book / the book's main thesis, take hostage a group of 15 holiday makers / take a group of 15 holidaymakers hostage, conceding that the argument is convincing / conceding the argument to be convincing? This is the central issue explored in this volume, which contains a unique selection of innovative in-depth empirical studies written in a broadly functional framework. The factors investigated include the following: phonological influences (such as the principle of rhythmic alternation and optimal syllable structure), frequency, pervasive semantic and pragmatic aspects (including iconicity, markedness, grammaticalization and typological tendencies), information structure, processing complexity and horror aequi (the avoidance of identity effects).
English language --- Grammar --- Grammar. --- Variation. --- Variation
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This book brings together three perspectives on language and space that are quite well-researched within themselves, but which so far are lacking productive interconnections. Specifically, the book aims to interconnect the following research areas: Language, space, and geography Grammar, space, and cognition Language and interactional spaces The contributions in this book cover geographical language variation within and across languages, language use in stationary and mobile interactional spaces, computer-mediated communication, and spatial reasoning across languages. This range of issues showcases the thematic and methodological breadth of research on language and space. In order to identify interconnections, the respective contributions are accompanied by commentaries that highlight common threads.
Philosophy of nature --- Psycholinguistics --- Space and time in language --- Cognition --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Espace et temps dans le langage --- Linguistique cognitive --- Typologie (linguistique) --- Cognition. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Space and time in language. --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic typology --- Psychological aspects --- Psychology --- Typology --- Linguistics --- Thought and thinking --- Linguistic universals --- Classification --- Linguistique cognitive. --- Espace et temps dans le langage. --- Typologie linguistique. --- Geolinguistics. --- Interaction. --- Space.
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This volume presents the results of the international symposium Chunks in Corpus Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics, held at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg to honour John Sinclair's contribution to the development of linguistics in the second half of the twentieth century. The main theme of the book, highlighting important aspects of Sinclair's work, is the idiomatic character of language with a focus on chunks (in the sense of prefabricated items) as extended units of meaning. To pay tribute to Sinclair's enormous impact on research in this field, the volume contains two contributions which deal explicitly with his work, including material from unpublished manuscripts. Beyond that, the articles cover different aspects of chunks ranging from more theoretically-oriented to more applied papers, in which foreign language teaching and the computational application of the insights about the nature of language provided by corpus research play an important role. The volume demonstrates the wide applicability and relevance of the notion of chunks by bringing together research from different fields of linguistics such as theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics and foreign language teaching, and thus provides an interdisciplinary view on the impact of idiomaticity in language.
Discourse analysis --- Computational linguistics --- Linguistics --- Methodology --- Discourse analysis. --- Discoursanalyse. --- Computerlinguïstiek. --- Computational linguistics. --- Collocaties. --- Idioom. --- Fraseología. --- Methodology. --- Mathematical linguistics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Pragmatics --- Festschrift - Libri Amicorum --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Data processing --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Multilingual computing --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- Cognitive Linguistics. --- Corpus Linguistics. --- Analyse du discours --- Linguistique --- Informatique --- Linguistics - Methodology
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