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Science --- Science and state --- Research --- Federal aid to research --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Sciences - General --- Science policy --- State and science --- State, The --- Social aspects --- Finance --- Government policy --- 316.334.3 --- 316.75:001 --- 316.334.3 Politieke sociologie --- Politieke sociologie --- 316.75:001 Wetenschapssociologie --- Wetenschapssociologie --- Finance.
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When the National Science Foundation funds research about the earth's crust and the Department of Energy supports studies on the disposal of nuclear wastes, what do they expect for their money? Most scientists believe that in such cases the government wants information for immediate use or directions for seeking future benefits from nature. Challenging this oversimplified view, Chandra Mukerji depicts a more complex interdependence between science and the state. She uses vivid examples from the heavily funded field of oceanography, particularly from recent work on seafloor hot springs and on ocean disposal of nuclear wastes, to raise questions about science as it is practiced and financed today. She finds that scientists act less as purveyors of knowledge to the government than as an elite and highly skilled talent pool retained to give legitimacy to U.S. policies and programs: scientists allow their authority to be projected onto government officials who use scientific ideas for political purposes. Writing in a crisp and jargon-free style, Mukerji reveals the peculiar mix of autonomy and dependency defined for researchers after World War II--a mix that has changed since then but that continues to shape the practical conduct of science. Scientists use their control over the scientific content of research to convince themselves of their autonomy and to achieve some power in their dealings with funding agencies, but they remain fundamentally dependent on the state. Mukerji argues that they constitute a kind of reserve force, like the Army or Navy reserves, paid by the government to do research only because science is politically essential to the workings of the modern state. This book is essential reading not only for sociologists and students of science and society, and for oceanographers, but also for every scientist whose work depends directly or indirectly on government support.Originally published in 1990.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Federal aid to research --- Research --- Science and state --- Science --- SCIENCE / History. --- Finance. --- Social aspects
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The Canal du Midi, which threads through southwestern France and links the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, was an astonishing feat of seventeenth-century engineering--in fact, it was technically impossible according to the standards of its day. Impossible Engineering takes an insightful and entertaining look at the mystery of its success as well as the canal's surprising political significance. The waterway was a marvel that connected modern state power to human control of nature just as surely as it linked the ocean to the sea. The Canal du Midi is typically characterized as the achievement of Pierre-Paul Riquet, a tax farmer and entrepreneur for the canal. Yet Chandra Mukerji argues that it was a product of collective intelligence, depending on peasant women and artisans--unrecognized heirs to Roman traditions of engineering--who came to labor on the waterway in collaboration with military and academic supervisors. Ironically, while Louis XIV and his treasury minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert used propaganda to present France as a new Rome, the Canal du Midi was being constructed with unrecognized classical methods. Still, the result was politically potent. As Mukerji shows, the project took land and power from local nobles, using water itself as a silent agent of the state to disrupt traditions of local life that had served regional elites.Impossible Engineering opens a surprising window into the world of seventeenth-century France and illuminates a singular work of engineering undertaken to empower the state through technical conquest of nature.
Appointee. --- Benedict Anderson. --- Bernard Palissy. --- Book. --- Bountiful Harvest. --- Bruno Latour. --- C. Wright Mills. --- Calculation. --- Cambridge University Press. --- Canal du Midi. --- Carcassonne. --- Cardinal Mazarin. --- Chartism. --- Chauvinism. --- Civil engineer. --- Civil engineering. --- Classical tradition. --- Colonialism. --- Contentious politics. --- Courtesy. --- De re metallica. --- Discipline and Punish. --- Divine right of kings. --- Drug court. --- Eminent domain. --- Engineer. --- Engineering design process. --- Engineering. --- Experiential knowledge. --- Fernand Braudel. --- For the Glory. --- Fratricide. --- Friedrich Nietzsche. --- God's Grace. --- Governance. --- Governmentality. --- Handbook. --- Homeschooling. --- Huguenot. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Immanuel Wallerstein. --- Inception. --- Intendant. --- Jean Bodin. --- Laborer. --- Languedoc. --- Local Hero. --- Logistics. --- Lou Henry Hoover. --- Luc Boltanski. --- Malpas Tunnel. --- Marin Mersenne. --- Market town. --- Metallurgy. --- Museum. --- Neoliberalism. --- Nicolas Fouquet. --- Noel Malcolm. --- Pierre Bourdieu. --- Political alliance. --- Politics. --- Politique. --- Posthumanism. --- Pozzolana. --- Precedent. --- Presses Universitaires de France. --- Revolution. --- Roman Empire. --- Roman aqueduct. --- Roman engineering. --- Royal Canal. --- Salt tax. --- Scaffolding. --- Seawall. --- Setback (architecture). --- Siege of Landau (1702). --- Siege. --- Simon Singh. --- Sophistication. --- Sovereignty. --- State formation. --- Subcontractor. --- Supervisor. --- Tacit knowledge. --- Talcott Parsons. --- Tax. --- Technocracy. --- The Practice of Everyday Life. --- Toulouse. --- Vichy France. --- Visigoths. --- Vitruvius. --- Wall. --- War of Devolution. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Water supply. --- Waterway. --- Wild river. --- Wonders of the World.
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Begins in the 15th century, during what historians call the commercial revolution or a time when expanding trade changed the European economy, and traces the patterns of materialism through the late 1990's.
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History of civilization --- anno 1500-1799 --- Ethnology --- Popular culture --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Culture populaire --- Ethnology. --- Popular culture. --- Culture, Popular --- Mass culture --- Pop culture --- Popular arts --- Communication --- Intellectual life --- Mass society --- Recreation --- Culture --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings
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Le but de cet ouvrage est de rendre hommage à Hélène Vérin dont les travaux sur les ingénieurs ont joué un rôle majeur dans la compréhension de l’intelligence technique à l’époque moderne. L’enjeu est de présenter des recherches nouvelles qui approfondissent cette thématique en suivant un fil : loin de la figure du génie d’exception, il s’agit d’analyser la professionnalisation de l’ingénieur comme reposant à la fois sur de multiples interactions avec d’autres porteurs de savoirs au gré de mobilités tant sociales que géographiques, qu’il s’agisse des pérégrinations justifiées par les demandes princières et les recherches de patronage, de la construction d’un habitus professionnel du voyage ou encore de transferts de modèles éducatifs. Cela suppose de considérer les lieux de savoir tels que les chantiers, les mines, les arsenaux, les jardins princiers comme des trading zones. Si l’histoire des savoirs, des méthodes et des instruments de travail des ingénieurs a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, les parcours de ces hommes de terrain restent largement méconnus. Pour chaque ingénieur, l’inscription dans un modèle dominant de clientélisme, de validation des compétences, de rétribution des travaux, de mise en scène de ses savoirs est à mettre en évidence. En lien avec la question d’histoire moderne des concours du CAPES et de l’Agrégation, les auteurs proposent donc d’examiner des itinéraires d’ingénieurs, à travers les formations, les configurations nationales, les conditions d’exercice du métier et la mise en œuvre des savoirs.
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