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« Nous avons longtemps pensé qu’après avoir été très européanisés, avec la négritude on voulait nous africaniser, et que nous n’arriverions jamais à être ce que nous sommes vraiment ». Relisant Aimé Césaire et « l’immense cri nègre », Greg Germain, Président du Festival Off d’Avignon, invite à réenchanter les cultures de la francophonie par l’imaginaire des langues et la créolisation des mondes.

Theater --- créolisation --- négritude --- francophonie --- entretien --- expression artistique --- théâtre --- scène

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While the Civil Rights Movement brought increasing opportunities for blacks, this period also saw the liberalization of American immigration policy. The same agitation that allowed blacks to vote also made it possible for increasing numbers of non-European immigrants to enter America for the first time. What has an expanded immigration regime meant for how blacks express national attachment? Using quantitative and qualitative data, this text helps us understand the context and constraint of white supremacy on the formation of black public opinion and national attachment.

African Americans --- Race identity. --- United States --- Ethnic relations. --- Race relations. --- Negritude --- Ethnic identity --- Race question

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French literature --- Negritude (Literary movement) --- Littérature française --- Négritude --- Black authors --- History and criticism --- Auteurs noirs --- Histoire et critique --- 840 <100> --- Franse literatuur: extra muros --- 840 <100> Franse literatuur: extra muros --- Littérature française --- Négritude

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A study of art in post-independence Senegal.

Modernism (Art) --- Avant-garde (Aesthetics) --- Art and state --- Negritude (Literary movement) --- History --- Influence. --- Senghor, Léopold Sédar,

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In America today, the problem of achieving racial justice--whether through "color-blind" policies or through affirmative action--provokes more noisy name-calling than fruitful deliberation. In Color Conscious, K. Anthony Appiah and Amy Gutmann, two eminent moral and political philosophers, seek to clear the ground for a discussion of the place of race in politics and in our moral lives. Provocative and insightful, their essays tackle different aspects of the question of racial justice; together they provide a compelling response to our nation's most vexing problem. Appiah begins by establishing the problematic nature of the idea of race. He draws on the scholarly consensus that "race" has no legitimate biological basis, exploring the history of its invention as a social category and showing how the concept has been used to explain differences among groups of people by mistakenly attributing various "essences" to them. Appiah argues that, while people of color may still need to gather together, in the face of racism, under the banner of race, they need also to balance carefully the calls of race against the many other dimensions of individual identity; and he suggests, finally, what this might mean for our political life. Gutmann examines alternative political responses to racial injustice. She argues that American politics cannot be fair to all citizens by being color blind because American society is not color blind. Fairness, not color blindness, is a fundamental principle of justice. Whether policies should be color-conscious, class conscious, or both in particular situations, depends on an open-minded assessment of their fairness. Exploring timely issues of university admissions, corporate hiring, and political representation, Gutmann develops a moral perspective that supports a commitment to constitutional democracy. Appiah and Gutmann write candidly and carefully, presenting many-faceted interpretations of a host of controversial issues. Rather than supplying simple answers to complex questions, they offer to citizens of every color principled starting points for the ongoing national discussions about race.

Whites --- African Americans --- Racism --- Race awareness --- Negritude --- Race identity --- Race identity. --- Ethnic identity --- United States --- Race relations. --- Race question --- White persons --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- White people