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This Special Issue of Processes operates on the basis of a rigorous peer-review with a single-blind assessment and at least two independent reviewers, thereby ensuring a high quality final product. I would like to thank our reviewers, for providing the authors with constructive comments, and Editorial Board, for their professional advice that led to the final decision. I am sure that, in coming years, readers of this Special Issue will find the scientific manuscripts interesting and beneficial to their research.

three-dimensional temperature field --- n/a --- forced convection --- RNG k-? model --- PIV measurements --- water friction loss --- flat plate --- horizontal --- optimization --- casson fluid --- finned tube --- plate-fin heat sink --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- plate heat exchanger --- partial heating --- thermo-diffusion --- HEN synthesis --- Keller-Box technique --- visualization experiment --- ice-cream --- modelling --- computational intelligence techniques --- canned motor --- boiling --- heat transfer --- operating condition --- vertical --- phase change --- flow distribution characteristics --- scraped surface heat exchanger --- heat flux --- numerical simulation --- aspect ratio --- orientation --- axisymmetric flow --- CACRS --- natural convection --- MINLP --- multi-slip --- ice storage --- viscosity --- axial piston pump --- crystallization --- multiphase flow

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This book presents interesting samples of theoretical and practical advances of symmetry in multidisciplinary engineering applications. It covers several applications, such as accessibility and traffic congestion management, path planning for mobile robots, analysis of shipment service networks, fault diagnosis methods in electrical circuits and electrical machines, geometrical issues in architecture, geometric modeling and virtual reconstruction, design of noise detectors, filters, and segmentation methods for image processing, and cyclic symmetric structures in turbomachinery applications, to name but a few. The contributions included in this book depict the state of the art in this field and lay the foundation for the possibilities that the study of symmetry has in multidisciplinary applications in the field of engineering.

edge preserving --- fault diagnosis --- accessibility --- urban traffic planning --- sensitivity analysis --- graphic modelling --- Coalbrookdale (Shropshire) --- mobile robot --- asymmetry --- convexity/concavity --- flying buttresses --- vibration --- time-space network --- linearization technique --- friction damping --- adaptive threshold --- ring damper --- broad learning model --- Hilbert transform --- express shipment --- symmetry --- traffic control --- railcar flow distribution --- optimization --- industrial archaeology --- high order urban hospitals (HOUHs) --- thin-walled gear --- rampant arch --- traffic congestion --- railway transportation --- robots --- virtual reconstruction --- feature selection --- geometric modeling --- path search --- industrial heritage --- weighted mean filter --- topology --- A* algorithm --- traffic forecasting --- feature interaction --- classification --- peaks distribution --- rolling bearings --- noise detector --- 3D slicer --- inclined plane --- computing applications --- environmental modeling --- extension --- service network design --- evaluation model --- anomaly detection --- random forest --- local preserving projection --- complex networks --- computer engineering --- electronic devices --- BP neural network --- mechanical structures --- segmentation --- lifting wavelet --- semi-supervised random forest --- railway network --- cathedral --- local monotonicity --- aged --- optimum --- path planning --- local data features --- local inflection --- conditional mutual information --- energy dissipation --- support vector machine --- variational mode decomposition --- Agustín de Betancourt --- optimization criteria --- tumor --- trip impedance based on public transportation --- Fisher linear discriminant analysis --- synchronization --- clustering --- geometry --- electrical circuits --- random value impulse noise

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Energy is a fundamental social need and plays an essential role in driving economic growth. The emerging economy requires the support of a reliable, affordable, and energy system with low carbon emissions and air pollutants. System design is important in facilitating sustainable development. Various works that aspire to promote sustainable system design by addressing the issues of enhancing energy and environmental performance were presented in the Special Issue (SI) of the 22nd Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES’19). The contribution can be categorised into four topics focused on modelling, simulation, optimisation, and assessment studies, on the topics of: (a) heat integration and heat transfer, (b) integrated and newly developed heat exchangers, (c) integration of renewables (d) roles in economic and environmental sustainability. This book is complemented with an editorial review, to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.

Process Integration --- heat pumps --- Joule cycle heat pump --- Pinch Analysis --- evaporation --- condensation --- surface-enhanced tube --- heat transfer coefficient --- fossil-intensive industrial processes --- decarbonization technologies --- reactive absorption/adsorption CO2 capture systems --- modeling --- simulation --- and process integration --- techno-economic and environmental assessments --- improved superstructure --- HENs --- utility system --- steam heater --- MINLP --- heat exchanger network (HEN) --- retrofit --- flexibility --- optimization --- critical points --- multi-period --- flow distribution --- process and power industry equipment --- finite element analysis --- waste-originated feedstock --- isomerization --- biogasoline --- benzene-free --- increased octane number --- CFD modelling --- heat treatment process --- industrial furnaces --- natural gas substitution --- syngas co-firing --- biofuel --- bioenergy --- supply chain --- Malaysia --- Indonesia --- Thailand --- interdisciplinary --- integrated assessment --- gravity-driven particle flow --- discrete element method --- heat transfer enhancement --- acrylic acid --- propylene oxidation --- multitubular reactor --- biowaste --- waste-to-energy --- composting --- fermentation --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- energy-related carbon emissions --- carbon flow --- Sankey diagrams --- structural changes --- TRO index --- energy allocation analysis --- energy system --- exergy footprint --- sustainability --- process systems engineering --- exergy accounting --- desalination --- multi-effect distillation --- multi-stage flash --- mechanical vapor compression --- reverse osmosis --- renewable energy --- waste materials --- sewage sludge --- riverbank grass --- rumen fluid --- pretreatment of waste --- determination of parameters --- biomass boilers --- fuel cell --- solar thermal --- electrode boiler --- steam systems --- food processing industry --- decarbonisation --- energy costs --- Shifted Retrofit Thermodynamic Grid Diagram (SRTGD) --- type selection --- CO2 emissions --- electricity planning --- CO2 Constrained Energy Planning (CCEP) --- approaches for CCEP --- aluminum products --- ammonia synthesis --- plate heat exchanger --- heat transfer --- multi-pass arrangement --- optimal design --- energy efficiency --- environmental sustainability --- heat integration --- economic sustainability --- optimisation and modelling tools --- Acree model --- dielectric constant --- ethanol --- impedance --- King and Queen model --- microwave heating --- binary mixtures --- NaCl --- permittivity --- water