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Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is among the most enigmatic and influential figures of the twentieth century. While his life and work are crucial to any understanding of modern history and the socialist movement, generations of writers on the left and the right have seen fit to embalm him endlessly with superficial analysis or dreary dogma. Now, after the fall of the Soviet Union and "actually-existing" socialism, it is possible to consider Lenin afresh, with sober senses trained on his historical context and how it shaped his theoretical and political contributions. Reconstructing Lenin, four decades i

Revolutionaries --- Intellectuals --- Heads of state --- Revolutions --- Socialism --- Révolutionnaires --- Intellectuels --- Chefs d'Etat --- Révolutions --- Socialisme --- Biography. --- Biography --- Philosophy. --- Biographies --- Biographie --- Philosophie --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Political and social views. --- Soviet Union --- Russia --- URSS --- Russie --- History --- Politics and government --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Communism --- Critical theory --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ich, --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ič --- Lenin, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Lenin, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Lenin, Vladímir Ilich --- Lénine, Vladimir Ilitch --- Lénine, Vladimir Iliç --- Lenin, Nikolaj --- Lenin, Nicolai --- Ul'janov, Vladimir Il'ič --- Oeljanov, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Uljanow, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich --- Uliánov, Vladímir Ilich --- Oulianov, Vladimir Ilitch --- Oulianov, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ленин, Владимир Ильич, --- Illiin, We., --- Ilʹin, Vladimīr, --- I-li-chʻi, --- Lenine, Wladimir Ilitch Oulianof, --- Lenin, Nicolai, --- Lenin, Nikolaj, --- Lenin, V. I. --- Ленин, В. И. --- Lenin, Vi. Ai., --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, V. --- Ульянов, В. --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Ульянов, Владимир Ильич, --- Lenjin, V. I., --- Lenine, N., --- Lenin, W. I. --- Ulianov, V. I., --- Lenin, N., --- L̦en̦ins, V. A. --- Liening, --- Lieh-ning, --- 列寧, --- Lenin, --- Oulianov, Vladimir, --- Lenin, Vlagyimir Iljics, --- Lenjin, Vladimir Iljič, --- Uljanov, Vladimir Iljič, --- Lenin, Niḳolay, --- Līnīn, --- Ulyanoṿ, Ṿ., --- Lenin, Ṿ., --- Lenin, U. I. --- Lenin, Uladzimir Ilʹich, --- לאנין, ולאדימיר --- לנין, וולדימיר איליץ, --- לנין, וו. אי --- לענין, וו.אי --- לענין, ניקאלאי --- לענין, ניקאלאי, --- לענין, נ. --- לענין, נ., --- לענין, װלאדימיר איליטש, --- לענין, װ. אי --- לענין, װ. אי., --- לענין, װ. י. --- לענין, װ.אי., --- לענינ, וולאדימיר איליטש --- لينين

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Examines the evolution of Lenin's thinking on the place of the Russian peasant in theory and in the potential reality of Marxist revolution.

Peasants --- Communism --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- History --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ič --- Lenin, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Lenin, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Lenin, Vladímir Ilich --- Lénine, Vladimir Ilitch --- Lénine, Vladimir Iliç --- Lenin, Nikolaj --- Lenin, Nicolai --- Ul'janov, Vladimir Il'ič --- Oeljanov, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Uljanow, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich --- Uliánov, Vladímir Ilich --- Oulianov, Vladimir Ilitch --- Oulianov, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ленин, Владимир Ильич, --- Illiin, We., --- Ilʹin, Vladimīr, --- I-li-chʻi, --- Lenine, Wladimir Ilitch Oulianof, --- Lenin, Nicolai, --- Lenin, Nikolaj, --- Lenin, V. I. --- Ленин, В. И. --- Lenin, Vi. Ai., --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, V. --- Ульянов, В. --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Ульянов, Владимир Ильич, --- Lenjin, V. I., --- Lenine, N., --- Lenin, W. I. --- Ulianov, V. I., --- Lenin, N., --- L̦en̦ins, V. A. --- Liening, --- Lieh-ning, --- 列寧, --- Lenin, --- Oulianov, Vladimir, --- Lenin, Vlagyimir Iljics, --- Lenjin, Vladimir Iljič, --- Uljanov, Vladimir Iljič, --- Lenin, Niḳolay, --- Līnīn, --- Ulyanoṿ, Ṿ., --- Lenin, Ṿ., --- Lenin, U. I. --- Lenin, Uladzimir Ilʹich, --- לאנין, ולאדימיר --- לנין, וולדימיר איליץ, --- לנין, וו. אי --- לענין, וו.אי --- לענין, ניקאלאי --- לענין, ניקאלאי, --- לענין, נ. --- לענין, נ., --- לענין, װלאדימיר איליטש, --- לענין, װ. אי --- לענין, װ. אי., --- לענין, װ. י. --- לענין, װ.אי., --- לענינ, וולאדימיר איליטש --- لينين --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government

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Communism and education. --- Education and communism --- Education --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ič --- Lenin, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Lenin, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Lenin, Vladímir Ilich --- Lénine, Vladimir Ilitch --- Lénine, Vladimir Iliç --- Lenin, Nikolaj --- Lenin, Nicolai --- Ul'janov, Vladimir Il'ič --- Oeljanov, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Uljanow, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich --- Uliánov, Vladímir Ilich --- Oulianov, Vladimir Ilitch --- Oulianov, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ленин, Владимир Ильич, --- Illiin, We., --- Ilʹin, Vladimīr, --- I-li-chʻi, --- Lenine, Wladimir Ilitch Oulianof, --- Lenin, Nicolai, --- Lenin, Nikolaj, --- Lenin, V. I. --- Ленин, В. И. --- Lenin, Vi. Ai., --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, V. --- Ульянов, В. --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Ульянов, Владимир Ильич, --- Lenjin, V. I., --- Lenine, N., --- Lenin, W. I. --- Ulianov, V. I., --- Lenin, N., --- L̦en̦ins, V. A. --- Liening, --- Lieh-ning, --- 列寧, --- Lenin, --- Oulianov, Vladimir, --- Lenin, Vlagyimir Iljics, --- Lenjin, Vladimir Iljič, --- Uljanov, Vladimir Iljič, --- Lenin, Niḳolay, --- Līnīn, --- Ulyanoṿ, Ṿ., --- Lenin, Ṿ., --- Lenin, U. I. --- Lenin, Uladzimir Ilʹich, --- לאנין, ולאדימיר --- לנין, וולדימיר איליץ, --- לנין, וו. אי --- לענין, וו.אי --- לענין, ניקאלאי --- לענין, ניקאלאי, --- לענין, נ. --- לענין, נ., --- לענין, װלאדימיר איליטש, --- לענין, װ. אי --- לענין, װ. אי., --- לענין, װ. י. --- לענין, װ.אי., --- לענינ, וולאדימיר איליטש --- لينين

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Was Lenin a visionary whose ideals were subverted by his followers? Or was he a cynical misanthrope, even crueler than Stalin? This book, which contains newly released documents from the Lenin archive in Russia, lays bare Lenin the man and the politician, leaving little doubt that he was a ruthless and manipulative leader who used terror, subversion, and persecution to achieve his goals.Edited and introduced by the eminent scholar Richard Pipes in collaboration with Y.A. Buranov of the Russian Center for the Preservation and Study of Documents of Recent History in Moscow, the documents date from 1886 through the end of Lenin's life. They reveal, among other things, that:• Lenin's purpose in invading Poland in 1920 was not merely to sovietize that country but to use it as a springboard for the invasion of Germany and England;• Lenin took money from the Germans (here we have the first incontrovertible evidence for this);• in 1919 Lenin issued instructions to the Communist authorities in the Ukraine not to accept Jews in the Soviet government of that republic;• as late as 1922 Lenin believed in the imminence of social revolution in the West, and he planned subversion in Finland, Turkey, Lithuania, and other countries;• Lenin had little regard for Trotsky's judgment on important matters and relied heavily on Stalin;• Lenin assiduously tracked dissident intellectuals and urged repressive action or deportation;• Lenin launched a political offensive against the Orthodox Church, ordering that priests who resisted seizure of church property be shot--"the more the better."

Heads of state --- Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Russia & Former Soviet Republics --- Heads of government --- Rulers --- State, Heads of --- Executive power --- Statesmen --- Archives --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Archives. --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government --- Sources. --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ič --- Lenin, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Lenin, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Lenin, Vladímir Ilich --- Lénine, Vladimir Ilitch --- Lénine, Vladimir Iliç --- Lenin, Nikolaj --- Lenin, Nicolai --- Ul'janov, Vladimir Il'ič --- Oeljanov, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Uljanow, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich --- Uliánov, Vladímir Ilich --- Oulianov, Vladimir Ilitch --- Oulianov, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ленин, Владимир Ильич, --- Illiin, We., --- Ilʹin, Vladimīr, --- I-li-chʻi, --- Lenine, Wladimir Ilitch Oulianof, --- Lenin, Nicolai, --- Lenin, Nikolaj, --- Lenin, V. I. --- Ленин, В. И. --- Lenin, Vi. Ai., --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, V. --- Ульянов, В. --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Ульянов, Владимир Ильич, --- Lenjin, V. I., --- Lenine, N., --- Lenin, W. I. --- Ulianov, V. I., --- Lenin, N., --- L̦en̦ins, V. A. --- Liening, --- Lieh-ning, --- 列寧, --- Lenin, --- Oulianov, Vladimir, --- Lenin, Vlagyimir Iljics, --- Lenjin, Vladimir Iljič, --- Uljanov, Vladimir Iljič, --- Lenin, Niḳolay, --- Līnīn, --- Ulyanoṿ, Ṿ., --- Lenin, Ṿ., --- Lenin, U. I. --- Lenin, Uladzimir Ilʹich, --- לאנין, ולאדימיר --- לנין, וולדימיר איליץ, --- לנין, וו. אי --- לענין, וו.אי --- לענין, ניקאלאי --- לענין, ניקאלאי, --- לענין, נ. --- לענין, נ., --- לענין, װלאדימיר איליטש, --- לענין, װ. אי --- לענין, װ. אי., --- לענין, װ. י. --- לענין, װ.אי., --- לענינ, וולאדימיר איליטש --- لينين --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R.

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Much has been written about the activity of Lenin and his colleagues on the editorial board of the Iskra newspaper, whereas little has been said about the opponents of Leninism, who unsuccessfully fought for control of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party during the Iskra period. To redress the balance, Richard Mullin has translated 25 documents from this period, most of which express an anti-Lenin view. They include articles from Rabochee Delo , the Jewish Bund's Poslednie Izvestiia and the post-Lenin Iskra , pamphlets by Plekhanov and Martov, the resolutions of Party meetings and some very revealing private correspondence. However, the result is not an anti-Bolshevik polemic: through these documents a clearer, and curiously flattering picture of Lenin's thought and activity is obtained.

Mensheviks --- Opposition (Political science) --- Political opposition --- Political science --- Divided government --- Mensheviki --- Socialists --- History --- Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Lenin, Vladimir Il'ič --- Lenin, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Lenin, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Lenin, Vladímir Ilich --- Lénine, Vladimir Ilitch --- Lénine, Vladimir Iliç --- Lenin, Nikolaj --- Lenin, Nicolai --- Ul'janov, Vladimir Il'ič --- Oeljanov, Vladimir Iljitsj --- Uljanow, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ulyanov, Vladimir Ilyich --- Uliánov, Vladímir Ilich --- Oulianov, Vladimir Ilitch --- Oulianov, Wladimir Iljitsch --- Ленин, Владимир Ильич, --- Illiin, We., --- Ilʹin, Vladimīr, --- I-li-chʻi, --- Lenine, Wladimir Ilitch Oulianof, --- Lenin, Nicolai, --- Lenin, Nikolaj, --- Lenin, V. I. --- Ленин, В. И. --- Lenin, Vi. Ai., --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, V. --- Ульянов, В. --- Ulʹi︠a︡nov, Vladimir Ilʹich, --- Ульянов, Владимир Ильич, --- Lenjin, V. I., --- Lenine, N., --- Lenin, W. I. --- Ulianov, V. I., --- Lenin, N., --- L̦en̦ins, V. A. --- Liening, --- Lieh-ning, --- 列寧, --- Lenin, --- Oulianov, Vladimir, --- Lenin, Vlagyimir Iljics, --- Lenjin, Vladimir Iljič, --- Uljanov, Vladimir Iljič, --- Lenin, Niḳolay, --- Līnīn, --- Ulyanoṿ, Ṿ., --- Lenin, Ṿ., --- Lenin, U. I. --- Lenin, Uladzimir Ilʹich, --- לאנין, ולאדימיר --- לנין, וולדימיר איליץ, --- לנין, וו. אי --- לענין, וו.אי --- לענין, ניקאלאי --- לענין, ניקאלאי, --- לענין, נ. --- לענין, נ., --- לענין, װלאדימיר איליטש, --- לענין, װ. אי --- לענין, װ. אי., --- לענין, װ. י. --- לענין, װ.אי., --- לענינ, וולאדימיר איליטש --- لينين --- Political and social views. --- Adversaries. --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ sot︠s︡ial-demokraticheskai︠a︡ rabochai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ --- Social-Democratic Workers Party of Russia --- Socjaldemokratyczna Partia Robotników Rosji --- SDPRR --- S.D.P.R.R. --- Ruská sociálnodemokratická robotnícka strana --- Sociálnodemokratická robotnícka strana Ruska --- RSDRP --- R.S.D.R.P. --- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party --- SDWPR --- S.D.W.P.R. --- Parti social-démocrate ouvrier en Russie --- Roshia Shakai Minshutō --- Ruslendisher sotsiyal-demoḳraṭisher arbeṭer-parṭey --- RSDAP --- Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия --- РСДРП --- Venemaa Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Töölispartei --- Rosyjska Soc-Demokratyczna Partja Robotnicza --- Rosyjska Soc-Demokratyczna Partia Robotnicza --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ sot︠s︡ial-demokraticheskai︠a︡ rabochai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ (bolʹshevikov) --- Rabochee di︠e︡lo. --- Iskra (Geneva, Switzerland) --- Poslednie izvestiia (London, England) --- Posli︠e︡dnīi︠a︡ izvi︠e︡stīi︠a︡ (London, England) --- Letzten Nachrichten (London, England) --- Iskra (Geneva) --- Rabochee delo --- Russia --- Russie --- Rossīi︠a︡ --- Rossīĭskai︠a︡ Imperīi︠a︡ --- Russia (Provisional government, 1917) --- Russia (Vremennoe pravitelʹstvo, 1917) --- Russland --- Ṛusastan --- Russia (Tymchasovyĭ uri︠a︡d, 1917) --- Russian Empire --- Rosja --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Russia (Territory under White armies, 1918-1920) --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Искра (Geneva, Switzerland) --- Government - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Government - Europe --- Lénine, Vladimir, --- Rēnin, Urajimīru, --- Rēnin, Urajimīru Iriichi, --- Rēnin, Urajimīru Iritchi, --- Λενιν, Β. Ι --- レーニンウラジーミル, --- ウラジーミル・レーニン, --- レーニンウラジーミルイリイチ, --- ウラジーミル・イリイチ・レーニン, --- レーニンウラジミールイリッチ, --- ウラジミール・イリッチ ・レーニン,