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Economic historians have perennially addressed the intriguing question of comparative development, asking why some countries develop much faster and further than others. Focusing primarily on Europe between 1914 and 1939, this volume explores the development of thirteen countries that could be considered ""economically backwards"" during this period: Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey and Yugoslavia. This volume explores economic modernization, seeking to explain how the countries adapted to the major shocks of the period, n

Europe --- History --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Histoire --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- 338 <09> <4> --- 338 <09> <4> Economische geschiedenis--Europa --- Economische geschiedenis--Europa

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Why did the Soviet economic system fall apart? Did the economy simply overreach itself through military spending? Was it the centrally-planned character of Soviet socialism that was at fault? Or did a potentially viable mechanism come apart in Gorbachev''s clumsy hands? Does its failure mean that true socialism is never economically viable? The economic dimension is at the very heart of the Russian story in the twentieth century. Economic issues were the cornerstone of soviet ideology and the soviet system, and economic issues brought the whole system crashing down in 1989-91. This book is a

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Soviet Union --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- History of Eastern Europe --- 338 <09> --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- anno 1900-1999 --- Russia --- E-books --- URSS --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy

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This Oxford Handbook provides a fresh overall view and interpretation of the modern economic growth of one of the largest European countries, whose economic history is less known internationally than that of other comparably large and successful economies. It will provide, for the first time, a comprehensive, quantitative "new economic history" of Italy. The handbook offers an interpretation of the main successes and failures of the Italian economy at a macro level, the research-conducted by a large international team of scholars -contains entirely new quantitative results and interpretations, spanning the entire 150-year period since the unification of Italy, on a large number of issues. By providing a comprehensive view of the successes and failures of Italian firms, workers, and policy makers in responding to the challenges of the international business cycle, the book crucially shapes relevant questions on the reasons for the current unsatisfactory response of the Italian economy to the ongoing "second globalization". Most chapters of the handbook are co-authored by both an Italian and a foreign scholar.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Italy --- Italie --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- IT / Italy - Italië - Italie --- 331.100 --- 338 <09> <45> --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Economische geschiedenis--Italië --- 338 <09> <45> Economische geschiedenis--Italië --- E-books --- History --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Annals --- Economic policy --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden

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Now that services account for such a dominant part of economic activity, it has become apparent that achieving high levels of productivity in the economy requires high levels of productivity in services. This book offers a major reassessment of Britain's comparative productivity performance over the last 150 years. Whereas in the mid-nineteenth century Britain had higher productivity than the United States and Germany, by 1990 both countries had overtaken Britain. The key to achieving high productivity was the 'industrialisation' of market services, which involved both the serving of business and the provision of mass-market consumer services in a more business like fashion. Comparative productivity varied with the uneven spread of industrialised service sector provision across sectors. Stephen Broadberry provides a quantitative overview of these trends, together with a qualitative account of developments within individual sectors, including shipping, railways, road and air transport, telecommunications, wholesale and retail distribution, banking, and finance.

338 <09> <41> --- Economische geschiedenis--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- 338 <09> <41> Economische geschiedenis--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Industrial productivity --- Service industries --- Industries --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Regional disparities&delete& --- History --- Great Britain --- 19th century --- 20th century --- Europe --- Regional disparities --- History. --- Arts and Humanities

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A comparison of the development of the synthetic dye industry in Great Britain, Germany, and the US. The rise of this industry constitutes an important chapter in business, economic, and technological history because synthetic dyes - invented in 1857 - represent the first time that a scientific discovery quickly gave rise to a new industry. British firms led the industry for the next eight years, but German firms came to dominate the industry for decades before WWI, while American firms played only a minor role during the entire period. This study identifies differences in educational institutions and patent laws as the key reasons for German leadership in this industry. Successful firms had strong ties to the centers of organic chemistry knowledge. The book also argues that a complex coevolutionary process linking firms, technology and national institutions resulted in very different degrees of industrial success for dye firms in the three countries.

Comparative advantage (International trade) --- Competition, International --- Dye industry --- 338 <09> --- 677.027.4 --- Dyestuffs industry --- Chemical industry --- Comparative advantage (Commerce) --- Comparative costs (International trade) --- International trade --- Heckscher-Ohlin principle --- International division of labor --- 677.027.4 Dyeing --- Dyeing --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- Technological innovations&delete& --- History --- Business, Economy and Management --- Business Management --- History. --- Technological innovations