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Doubts about the ability of industrialized countries to continue to provide a sufficient level of retirement benefits to a growing number of retirees has fueled much recent debate and inspired a variety of recommendations for reform. Few major reforms, however, have actually been implemented. In The Political Future of Social Security in Aging Societies, Vincenzo Galasso argues that the success of any reform proposals depends on political factors rather than economic theory. He offers a comparative analysis of the future political sustainability of social security in six countries with rapidly aging populations--France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Using a quantitative approach, he finds that an aging population has political as well as economic effects: an older electorate will put pressure on politicians and policy-makers to maintain or even increase benefits. Galasso evaluates how each country's different political constraints shape its social security system, considering such country-specific factors as the proportion of retirees in the population, the redistributive feature of each system, and the existing retirement policy in each country. He concludes that an aging population will lead to more pension spending; yet postponing retirement mitigates the impact of this, and may be the only politically viable alternative for social security reform.

Social security --- Sécurité sociale --- Case studies. --- Forecasting. --- Cas, Etudes de --- Prévision --- Forecasting --- -Social security --- -AA / International- internationaal --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- IT / Italy - Italië - Italie --- ES / Spain - Spanje - Espagne --- GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 368.43 --- 311.94 --- 336.024 --- 330.580 --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Sécurité sociale --- Prévision --- ECONOMICS/Political Economy --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/Public Policy & Law --- AA / International- internationaal --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Vieillissement de la population --- Études de cas --- Prévision. --- Social security - Case studies --- Social security - Forecasting

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An analysis of the effect of public pension schemes on a country's fertility rate and a proposal for policies to reform pension coverage in light of this.The rapidly aging populations of many developed countries--most notably Japan and member countries of the European Union--present obvious problems for the public pension plans of these countries. Not only will there be disproportionately fewer workers making pension contributions than there are retirees drawing pension benefits, but the youth-to-age imbalance would significantly affect the total contributive capacity of future generations and hence their total income growth. In Children and Pensions, Alessandro Cigno and Martin Werding examine the way pension policy and child-related benefits affect fertility behavior and productivity growth. They present theoretical arguments to the effect that public pension coverage as such will reduce aggregate fertility and may raise aggregate household savings. They argue further that public pensions, as they are currently designed, discourage parents from private human capital investment in their children to improve the children's future earning capacity. After an overview of pension and child benefit policies (focusing on the European Union, Japan, and the United States), the authors offer an empirical and theoretical analysis and a simulation of the effects of the policies under discussion. Their policy proposals to address declines in fertility and productivity growth include the innovative suggestion that relates a person's pension entitlements to his or her number of children and the children's earning ability--proposing that, in effect, a person's pension could be financed in part or in full by the pensioner's own children.

Family allowances --- Social security --- Family demography --- Child welfare --- Economic aspects --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- AA / International- internationaal --- 332.243 --- 332.832 --- 368.40 --- 311.94 --- Kinderbijslag. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- Child welfare. --- Family allowances. --- Social security. --- Economic aspects. --- Child protective services --- Child protective services personnel --- Children --- CPS (Child protective services) --- Humane societies --- Protection of children --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Allowances, Family --- Child benefit --- Child endowment --- Family endowment --- Family wages --- Charities --- Charities, protection, etc. --- Protection --- Family policy --- Public welfare --- Social work with children --- Social work with youth --- Demography --- Families --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Cost and standard of living --- Economic security --- Mothers' pensions --- Wages --- Research --- ECONOMICS/Public Economics --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/Public Policy & Law --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Kinderbijslag --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- Family demography - Economic aspects

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Due to the demographic development, public pension systems in the European Union organized on a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) principle will be forced to either raise contribution rates or taxes, shorten future replacement rates, or enforce a combination of both. In this regard, two important issues have to be addressed: The first issue refers to the question of measuring the public pension liabilities of private households until today. The extent of these liabilities has an impact on the saving behaviour. The second issue refers to the consequences of the demographic development for future retirees and contributors and examines the sustainability of pension schemes by confronting the present value of future pension payments with the present value of future contributions.

EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 368.43 --- 336.024 --- 339.311.1 --- 311.94 --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen. --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Spaarneiging. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- Pensions --- Pension trusts --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Pension plans --- Compensation --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Spaarneiging --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- Trusts and trustees --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Political economy --- Welfare economics --- Economic systems & structures --- Finance & accounting --- cross country comparison --- demographic development --- European --- generational accounting --- Liabilities --- Measuring --- Pension --- Public --- Public pension systems --- Union --- Weddige

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This companion volume to The Economics of Aging (1989) examines the economic consequences of an increasingly older population, focusing on the housing and living arrangements of the elderly, as well as their labor force participation and retirement.

Public economics --- Social policy and particular groups --- United States --- AA / International- internationaal --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 311.0 --- 339.112.10 --- 311.6 --- 339.112.0 --- 332.832 --- 336.024 --- 368.40 --- 311.94 --- NBB congres --- Demografie. Algemene fenomenen: algemeenheden. --- Eigendom van grond en van onroerende goederen: algemeenheden. --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking. --- Particulier vermogen: algemeenheden. --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid. --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden. --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Old age --- Retirement --- Older people --- Economic aspects --- Housing --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Superannuation --- Termination of employment --- Later life (Human life cycle) --- Senescence --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Leisure --- Adulthood --- Age --- Longevity --- Demografie. Algemene fenomenen: algemeenheden --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Particulier vermogen: algemeenheden --- Eigendom van grond en van onroerende goederen: algemeenheden --- Sociale voorzorg en verzekeringen. Sociale zekerheid: algemeenheden --- political economy, economics of aging, consequences, older populations, housing, living arrangements, labor force participation, retirement, old age, elderly, united states, american culture, usa, equity, transitions, household dissolution, history, historical, cultural studies, nursing homes, healthcare, health, medical, medicine, pension, marriage, husbands, wives, expectations, life cycle, controls. --- United States of America

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One of the most well-established relationships in the economics of aging is that between health and wealth. Yet this relationship is also changing in conjunction with a rapidly aging population as well as a broad evolution in how people live later in life. Building on findings from earlier editions in this National Bureau of Economic Research series, Investigations in the Economics of Aging focuses on the changing financial circumstances of the elderly and the relationship of these circumstances to health and health care. Among the topics addressed are the significance of out-of-pocket health care costs, the effects of inflation on social security, and the impact of the recent financial crisis on Americans' well-being. Encompassing new data and advances in research methodology, the developments presented in this volume will have important implications for economies worldwide.

Aging --- Retirees --- Older people --- Economic aspects --- Economic conditions --- Medical care --- Costs --- Health and hygiene --- Aged --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- People, Retired --- Retired people --- Retired persons --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Physiological effect --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Old age --- Developmental biology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- E-books --- 311.6 --- 311.94 --- 313 --- 336.024 --- 339.311.1 --- 368.42 --- 368.43 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Gezondheidstoestand van de bevolking --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Sociale begroting, rekeningen en uitgaven. Gezondheid --- Spaarneiging --- Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering. Ziekenfondsen --- Ouderdomsverzekering. Voorbarige dood. Weduwen en wezen --- economy, growing old, politics, political, finance, money, wealth, income, health, wellness, relationship, end of life, research, national, investigation, financial, healthcare, social security, america, american, united states, usa, congress, retirement, retiree, 21st century, contemporary, modern, cost, hygiene, inflation, 401k, loans, elderly, cancer, disability, analysis.