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In A Companion to Priesthood and Holy Orders in the Middle Ages , a select group of scholars explain the rise and function of priests and deacons in the Middle Ages. Though priests were sometimes viewed through the lens of function, the medieval priesthood was also defined ontologically–those marked by God who performed the sacraments and confected the Eucharist. While their role grew in importance, medieval priests continued to fulfil the role of preacher, confessor and provider of pastoral care. As the concept of ordination changed theologically the practices and status of bishops, priests and deacons continued to be refined, with many of these medieval discussions continuing to the present day.

Monasticism and religious orders --- Priesthood --- Deacons --- Diaconate --- Church officers --- Clergy --- Deaconesses --- Christian priesthood --- Ordination --- Priests --- Church history --- History --- History.

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Gen 14:18–20 is a brief episode depicting the encounter between Abram and Melchizedek. Taking this episode and its context in the Pentateuch as the starting point, Mathews sets out to analyze the text as it has been composed, in order to understand the biblical and theological significance of this priest-king Melchizedek. The thesis proposed and investigated is that Melchizedek’s royal priestly portrayal in Genesis initiates a priesthood that is intentionally presented as an alternative to Aaron and his priesthood. The claim is that this distinct priestly order is evident in the biblical text as we have it, and it may be discerned by reading the text carefully, on its own terms, with close attention to its compositional features. Chapter 1 introduces the study and offers an overview of the history of interpretation related to Genesis 14 and Melchizedek. In ch. 2, various hermeneutical issues and approaches are examined in order to clarify methodology and identify some of the problems being addressed. In ch. 3, the heart of the book, Mathews considers Gen 14:18–20 in the context of the Pentateuch, focusing on Melchizedek in relation to the Abrahamic narrative and covenant, the royal message of the Pentateuch, and Aaron’s priesthood. Beginning with Psalm 110, ch. 4 identifies echoes of Melchizedek and his priesthood in several texts in the Prophets and Writings. The book concludes in ch. 5 with a summary and synthesis of the preceding analysis as well as some implications and suggestions for further research.

Priesthood --- Christian priesthood --- Ordination --- Priests --- Biblical teaching. --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- 221-05 --- 222.2 --- 221-05 Personen in het Oude Testament --- Personen in het Oude Testament --- Biblical teaching --- Genesis --- Bible. -- Genesis, XIV, 18-20 -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.

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This volume studies local priests as central players in small communities of early medieval Europe. As clerics living among the laity, priests played a double role within their communities: that of local representatives of the Church and religious experts, and that of owners of land and other goods. By virtue of their membership of both the ecclesiastical and the secular world, they can be considered as ‘men in the middle’: people who brought politico-religious ideas and ideals to secular communities, and who linked the local to the supra-local via networks of landownerhsip. This book addresses both roles that local priests played by approaching them via their manuscripts, and via the charters that record transactions in which they were involved. Manuscripts once owned by local priests bear witness to their education and expertise, but also indicate how, for instance, ideals of the Carolingian reforms reached the lowest levels of early medieval society. The case-studies of collections of charters, on the other hand, show priests as active members of networks of the locally powerful in a variety of European regions. Notwithstanding many local variations, the contributions to this volume show that local priests as ‘men in the middle’ are a phenomenon shared by the early medieval world as a whole.

Priests --- Priesthood --- Communities --- Prêtres --- Sacerdoce --- Communauté --- History. --- History --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Histoire --- Aspect religieux --- Christianisme --- Europe --- Church history --- Histoire religieuse --- 254 <09> --- 27 "04/14" --- Community --- Social groups --- Christian priesthood --- Ordination --- Pastors --- Clergy --- Priester. Ambt:--algemeen--Geschiedenis van ... --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Middeleeuwen --- Prêtres --- Communauté --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Christianity&delete& --- Priester. Ambt:--algemeen--Geschiedenis van .. --- Priester. Ambt:--algemeen--Geschiedenis van . --- Priester. Ambt:--algemeen--Geschiedenis van --- Priests - History --- Priesthood - History --- Communities - Religious aspects - Christianity - History --- Communities - Europe --- Europe - Church history - 600-1500 --- Early middle ages. --- history of Christianity. --- social history.