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UN Women has released its first flagship report "Progress of the World's Women : In Pursuit of Justice," recognizing progress worldwide, but calling on governments to take action to end the injustices that keep women poorer and less powerful than men. The report states that the past century has seen a "transformation" in women's legal rights, with countries in every region expanding the scope of women's legal entitlements. "Nevertheless for most of the world's women, the laws that exist on paper do not translate to equality and justice," it adds. It also points out that while 139 countries and territories now guarantee gender equality in their constitutions, women continue to experience injustice, violence and inequality in their home and working lives.

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Since 1945 the international community has progressively developed and defined international human rights law. The founding documents in this regard are the Charter of the United Nations (1945) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). Today, the key definitions of human rights are comprised in the Declaration, in nine core international human rights treaties and in nine optional protocols. United Nations human rights work is largely undertaken within this normative framework. The treaties are central to the work and activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) at national, regional and international levels. The treaties and their optional protocols are ratified or acceded to by States on a voluntary basis; once a State becomes a party to a treaty or a protocol, it takes on the legal obligation to implement its provisions and to report periodically to a United Nations “treaty body” composed of independent experts. Ten such bodies monitor the implementation of these treaties and optional protocols through two main channels: periodic reports on the situation of specific rights in a State party and communications submitted by individuals. Some treaty bodies can also visit countries and undertake inquiries. By publishing the international human rights treaties in this user-friendly format, OHCHR wishes to make them more accessible, in particular to State officials, civil society organizations, human rights defenders, legal practitioners, scholars, individual rights holders and others with an interest in human rights norms and standards

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