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L’importance de Friedrich von Hardenberg alias « Novalis » (1772-1801) dans l’histoire de la littérature allemande et européenne est bien connue. En revanche, on ignore encore trop souvent que le poète romantique fût également philosophe. Lecteur passionné et subversif des grands penseurs de son temps (Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Reinhold, Jacobi, Schiller), Novalis se livre dans les Études fichtéennes (jamais parues de son vivant) à une interrogation de fond sur la philosophie transcendantale élaborée par ses maîtres, et en particulier par Kant et Fichte. D’une extraordinaire puissance spéculative, d’une précocité inouïe (l’auteur est un jeune homme de vingt-trois ans), Novalis fait se succéder à une vitesse vertigineuse, dans ces carnets totalisant 667 fragments, autant d’intuitions fulgurantes, de mécompréhensions et de transformations conceptuelles délibérées qui restent toutes à interpréter. La question essentielle de ces pages se présente rapidement comme celle de la manifestation. C’est plus précisément le thème de l’imagination, et par suite de l’image ou de l’apparence de l’être, c’est-à-dire de la perspective, qui se déplie nerveusement dans les fragments. Étroitement relié au problème du langage comme acte créateur, il apparaît dans le désordre, voire comme désordre. Car les méditations de Novalis ne suivent volontairement aucun protocole : pensées en acte à l’état pur, elles ne se soucient que de leur propre devenir, et tandis qu’elles affrontent jusqu’au non-sens, c’est à dessein qu’elles ne s’achèvent pas et qu’elles remettent en cause nos cadres de pensée hérités.
Transcendentalism --- Transcendantalisme --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Fichte, Johann-Gottlieb, --- Fichte, Johan Gottlieb, --- Transcendentalism. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814 --- Fichte, Johann-Gottlieb, 1762-1814 --- Philosophy --- apprentissage --- philosophie
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This volume presents the first complete translation of Fichte Studies, a powerful, creative and sustained critique of Fichtean philosophy by the young philosopher-poet Friedrich von Hardenberg, who under the pen-name Novalis went on to become the most well-known and beloved of the early German Romantic writers. Anyone interested in the fate of German philosophy and literature immediately after Kant will find this collection of notes and aphorisms a treasure-trove of original contributions on the nature of self-consciousness, the relation of art to philosophy, and the nature of philosophical inquiry. There are also the beginnings of a strikingly contemporary-sounding semiotic theory. The text is translated by Jane Kneller, who also provides an introduction situating the Fichte Studies in the context of Novalis' life and work.
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814.
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Mit dem Untertitel »Streitfragen« bringt dieser Band 44 der Fichte-Studien eine zweite Gruppe von Beiträgen, die das Hauptthema »Fichte und seine Zeit« behandeln und es aus unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten entfalten. Die erste Gruppe - mit dem Untertitel: Kontext, Konfrontationen, Rezeptionen - wurde im Band 43 der Fichte-Studien bereits veröffentlicht. In überarbeiteter und aktualisierter Form stellen die folgenden Beiträge Materialien dar, die in Bologna auf dem internationalen Fichte-Kongress von 2012 vorgelegt und besprochen wurden. Die ›Fragen‹ bzw. die Themen, um die es ›Streit‹ gab, oder die noch heute als diskussionswürdig anzusehen sind, werden in diesem Band der Fichte-Studien nach vier Schwerpunkten gegliedert und gesammelt: 1. Transzendentalphilosophie und Wissenschaftslehre, 2. Recht und Politik, 3. Geschichte und Geschichtsphilosophie, 4. Körper und Natur. Dem Leser wird somit ein breites Spektrum von gewichtigen Themen, Fragestellungen, Informationen angeboten, die unser Bild von Fichte und dessen Philosophieren in seiner Zeit und in unserer Zeit ergänzen, bereichern und vertiefen.
Philosophy, German --- Philosophie allemande --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Influence --- Philosophers --- German literature --- Philosophers - Germany - 19th century --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814
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Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb --- Fichte, J. G. --- Fei-hsi-tê, --- Fikhte, Iogann Gotlib, --- Pʻixte, I. G., --- Fikhte, Ĭokhan Gotlib, --- Fichte, Iohann Gottlieb, --- Fikhṭeh, Yohan G. --- Fichte, Giovanni Amedeo, --- Fichte, G. Amedeo --- Fihite, --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814 - Congresses --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814
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On sait que pour Kant « le nom orgueilleux d’une ontologie, qui prétend donner des choses en général des connaissances synthétiques a priori <…> doit faire place au nom modeste d’une simple analytique de l’entendement pur » (Critique de la raison pure). Serait-ce alors que l’ontologie, comme pensée de l’être, doive disparaître de toute philosophie transcendantale ? Telle est la question qui anime les textes du présent volume, où sont proposés des regards croisés sur une possible « ontologie » fichtéenne. Il en ressort la question du statut de l’absolu, et, corrélativement, du degré de la rupture chez Fichte entre métaphysique dogmatique et philosophie transcendantale. D’un côté, Fichte dit ne parler que du savoir et non de l’être – ce pour quoi son œuvre est une doctrine de la science. D’un autre côté, il affirme l’être sous la forme de Dieu, et son discours semble alors rejoindre la situation qui précède la distinction entre ontologie (comme métaphysique générale), et théologie (comme métaphysique spéciale), établie au cours du XVIIIe siècle. Les présentes études montrent que la redétermination tant de l’être que de Dieu justifie chez Fichte leur identification, et une réduction de l’ancienne métaphysique au binôme être/image. Parce que l’être n’est pas chez Fichte un être mort, inerte, mais vie et réalité dynamique, il est par soi créateur et mérite à ce titre d’être compris comme Dieu. Si le concept d’être et l’idée de Dieu subissent ainsi une modification totale de leur détermination, une simple reconduction de la pensée de Fichte à une métaphysique précritique manquerait l’essentiel de la visée de sa doctrine. C’est ce que visent à établir les études du présent volume.
Ontology --- Metaphysics --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Ontologie. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb --- Contribution à l'ontologie. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814 --- Ontology. --- Metaphysics. --- Philosophy --- God --- Philosophy of mind --- Being --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- ontologie --- métaphysique --- Fichte --- philosophie --- théologie --- Dieu
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In this study of Fichte's social and political philosophy, David James offers an interpretation of Fichte's most famous writings in this area, including his Foundations of Natural Right and Addresses to the German Nation, centred on two main themes: property and virtue. These themes provide the basis for a discussion of such issues as what it means to guarantee the freedom of all the citizens of a state, the problem of unequal relations of economic dependence between states, and the differences and connections between the legal and political sphere of right and morality. James also relates Fichte's central social and political ideas to those of other important figures in the history of philosophy, including Locke, Kant and Hegel, as well as to the radical phase of the French Revolution. His account will be of importance to all who are interested in Fichte's philosophy and its intellectual and political context.
Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Property --- Virtue. --- Philosophy. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Conduct of life --- Ethics --- Human acts --- Economics --- Possession (Law) --- Things (Law) --- Wealth --- Law and legislation --- Primitive property --- Property - Philosophy --- Virtue --- Political science - Philosophy --- Social sciences - Philosophy --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814 --- Political science --- Social sciences
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This is the first major study in any language on J.G. Fichte’s philosophy of mathematics and theory of geometry. It investigates both the external formal and internal cognitive parallels between the axioms, intuitions and constructions of geometry and the scientific methodology of the Fichtean system of philosophy. In contrast to “ordinary” Euclidean geometry, in his Erlanger Logik of 1805 Fichte posits a model of an “ursprüngliche” or original geometry – that is to say, a synthetic and constructivistic conception grounded in ideal archetypal elements that are grasped through geometrical or intelligible intuition. Accordingly, this study classifies Fichte’s philosophy of mathematics as a whole as a species of mathematical Platonism or neo-Platonism, and concludes that the Wissenschaftslehre itself may be read as an attempt at a new philosophical mathesis, or “mathesis of the mind.”
Geometry --- Mathematics --- Logic of mathematics --- Mathematics, Logic of --- Euclid's Elements --- Philosophy. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Fichte, J. G. --- Fei-hsi-tê, --- Fikhte, Iogann Gotlib, --- Pʻixte, I. G., --- Fikhte, Ĭokhan Gotlib, --- Fichte, Iohann Gottlieb, --- Fikhṭeh, Yohan G. --- Fichte, Giovanni Amedeo, --- Fichte, G. Amedeo --- Fihite, --- Philosophy --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb --- Geometry - Philosophy --- Mathematics - Philosophy --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814
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One of J. G. Fichte's best-known works, Addresses to the German Nation is based on a series of speeches he gave in Berlin when the city was under French occupation. They feature Fichte's diagnosis of his own era in European history as well as his call for a new sense of German national identity, based upon a common language and culture rather than "blood and soil." These speeches, often interpreted as key documents in the rise of modern nationalism, also contain Fichte's most sustained reflections on pedagogical issues, including his ideas for a new egalitarian system of Prussian national education. The contributors' reconsideration of the speeches deal not only with technical philosophical issues such as the relationship between language and identity, and the tensions between universal and particular motifs in the text, but also with issues of broader concern, including education, nationalism, and the connection between morality and politics.
Education and state --- National characteristics, German --- German national characteristics --- Education --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- History --- Government policy --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Germany --- Politics and government --- Education and state - Germany - History - 19th century --- National characteristics, German - History - 19th century --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814. - Reden an die deutsche Nation --- Germany - Politics and government - 1806-1815
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Fichte's Foundations of Natural Right (1796/97) was one of the most influential books in nineteenth-century philosophy. It was read carefully by Schelling, Hegel, and Marx, and initiated a tradition in German philosophy that considers human subjectivity to be relational and intersubjective, thus requiring relations of recognition between subjects. The essays in this volume highlight this little-understood book's most important ideas and innovations. They offer discussions of Fichte's conception of freedom, self-consciousness, coercion, the summons, the body, and human rights, together with new analyses of his deduction of right, his views on the social contract, and his arguments for the separation of right from morality. The essays expand and deepen ongoing debates in the scholarship and chart new avenues of thought about Fichte's most enduring work of political philosophy. They will be essential reading for students and scholars of German Idealism, nineteenth-century philosophy, and the history of political thought.
Natural law. --- Political science. --- State, The. --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- Civil government --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Law of nature (Law) --- Natural rights --- Nature, Law of (Law) --- Rights, Natural --- Law --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Natural law --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814.
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Identity (Philosophical concept) --- Group identity --- Identité --- Identité collective --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Political and social views. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 1762-1814. --- Idealism -- Germany -- History. --- Philosophy, Modern. --- Romanticism -- Germany -- History. --- State, The --- Philosophy & Religion --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Theory of the State --- Philosophy --- Identity politics. --- Nationalism. --- State, The. --- Political science. --- Identité --- Identité collective --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Politics of identity --- Civil government --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Political aspects --- Fichte, J. G. --- Fei-hsi-tê, --- Fikhte, Iogann Gotlib, --- Pʻixte, I. G., --- Fikhte, Ĭokhan Gotlib, --- Fichte, Iohann Gottlieb, --- Fikhṭeh, Yohan G. --- Fichte, Giovanni Amedeo, --- Fichte, G. Amedeo --- Fihite, --- פיכטה, יוהאן גוטליב, --- פיכטה, יוהאן ג. --- 费希特, --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Political participation --- Social sciences --- Political and social views of a person
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