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Social scientists teach that politicians favor groups that are organized over those that are not. Representation through Taxation challenges this conventional wisdom. Emphasizing that there are limits to what organized interests can credibly promise in return for favorable treatment, Gehlbach shows that politicians may instead give preference to groups - organized or not. Gehlbach develops this argument in the context of the postcommunist experience, focusing on the incentive of politicians to promote sectors that are naturally more tax compliant, regardless of their organization. In the former Soviet Union, tax systems were structured around familiar revenue sources, magnifying this incentive and helping to prejudice policy against new private enterprise. In Eastern Europe, in contrast, tax systems were created to cast the revenue net more widely, encouraging politicians to provide the collective goods necessary for new firms to flourish.

Taxation --- 323.5 --- 336.201 --- 336.204 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- RU / Russia - Rusland - Russie --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Political aspects --- Pressiegroepen. Lobbying --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- weerslag, invloed, last en verdeling van de belasting --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Recent academic research findings on topics relating to taxation and social insurance policy, including the implicit tax imposed by Medicaid on private long-term care insurance benefits, an alternative system of unemployment insurance, and federal energy tax policy.This NBER series presents current academic research findings in the areas of taxation and government spending. The papers included provide important background information for policy analysts in government and the private sector without making specific policy recommendations. This twenty-first installment in the series reports on recent research concerning both taxation and social insurance policy. The papers discuss Medicaid's implicit tax on the benefits of private long-term care insurance, an alternative to current unemployment insurance systems, the tax treatment of health insurance expenditures, the effective marginal tax rates on labor supply and saving, and the rationale for and effect of energy-related tax policies.

Fiscal policy --- Taxation --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Law and legislation --- Economic aspects --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 336.61 --- 336.212.2 --- 336.214 --- 336.201 --- 336.207 --- Financieel beleid --- Belastingen op inkomsten uit effecten --- Belastingstelsel van de genootschappen --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Ontheffingen en vrijstellingen. Coördinatiecentra --- ECONOMICS/Political Economy --- ECONOMICS/Finance

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Edited by Parthasarathi Shome, this Handbook was written primarily for economists who are responsible for analyzing and evaluating economic policies of developing countries at an applied level, and who would benefit from a comprehensive discussion of the concepts, principles, and prevailing issues of taxation.

Taxes --- 336.2 --- Fiscal policy --- -Taxation --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 336.200 --- 336.201 --- 307.351 --- R01 - Droit fiscal international - Internationaal belastingsrecht --- Taxation --- -Fiscal policy --- -336.2 --- 336.2 Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- 336.2 Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Tax policy --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Revenue --- Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Belastingstelsel: algemene naslagwerken en principes. --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming. --- Statistieken van de belastingen. --- Government policy --- Impôt --- Politique fiscale --- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Guides, manuels, etc --- AA / International- internationaal --- Statistieken van de belastingen --- Belastingstelsel: algemene naslagwerken en principes --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Macroeconomics --- Personal Finance -Taxation --- Public Finance --- Corporate Taxation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Public finance & taxation --- Corporate & business tax --- International economics --- Welfare & benefit systems --- Income tax systems --- Personal income --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Value-added tax --- Corporate income tax --- National accounts --- Income tax --- Income --- Spendings tax --- Corporations --- United States

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The reform of fiscal relations between different levels of geovernment is crucial to the success of China's current structural transformation to a socialist market economy. The reform will profoundly affect macroeconomic stability, growth prospects , and the effectiveness of providing public services and interregional equity. In order to review international experience and to clearly identify the policy options for China in the short to medium term, a conference was held in Shanghai in October 1993. The papers in this volume, edited by Ehtisham Ahmad, Gao Qiang, and Vito Tanzi, include those presented at the conference and a few that supplement it.

Finance, Public --- 336.51 --- 336.201 --- 336.61 --- CN / China - Chine --- 336.1 <510> --- 338.24 <510> --- 338.24 <510> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<510> --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<510> --- 336.1 <510> Public finance, government finance in general--?<510> --- Public finance, government finance in general--?<510> --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Currency question --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Financieel beleid --- China --- Economic policy --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Budgeting --- Infrastructure --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Fiscal Policy --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Environmental management --- Education --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Financial administration & public finance law --- Expenditure --- Income and capital gains taxes --- Budget planning and preparation --- Revenue administration --- Subnational tax --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Taxes --- Income tax systems --- Expenditures, Public --- Income tax --- Budget --- Revenue --- China, People's Republic of

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Income tax --- Taxation --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Personal income tax --- Taxable income --- Taxation of income --- Direct taxation --- Internal revenue --- Progressive taxation --- Tithes --- Wages --- Law and legislation --- Congresses --- United States --- Economic conditions --- 336.201 --- 336.61 --- NBB congres --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- Law and legislation&delete& --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Financieel beleid --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- Congresses. --- Conferences - Meetings --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- 336.2 --- 336.2 Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- 336.2 Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU