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Allan H. Meltzer's monumental history of the Federal Reserve System tells the story of one of America's most influential but least understood public institutions. This first volume covers the period from the Federal Reserve's founding in 1913 through the Treasury-Federal Reserve Accord of 1951, which marked the beginning of a larger and greatly changed institution. To understand why the Federal Reserve acted as it did at key points in its history, Meltzer draws on meeting minutes, correspondence, and other internal documents (many made public only during the 1970's) to trace the reasoning behind its policy decisions. He explains, for instance, why the Federal Reserve remained passive throughout most of the economic decline that led to the Great Depression, and how the Board's actions helped to produce the deep recession of 1937 and 1938. He also highlights the impact on the institution of individuals such as Benjamin Strong, governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in the 1920's, who played a key role in the adoption of a more active monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Meltzer also examines the influence the Federal Reserve has had on international affairs, from attempts to build a new international financial system in the 1920's to the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 that established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and the failure of the London Economic Conference of 1933. Written by one of the world's leading economists, this magisterial biography of the Federal Reserve and the people who helped shape it will interest economists, central bankers, historians, political scientists, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deep understanding of the institution that controls America's purse strings. "It was 'an unprecedented orgy of extravagance, a mania for speculation, overextended business in nearly all lines and in every section of the country.' An Alan Greenspan rumination about the irrational exuberance of the late 1990's? Try the 1920 annual report of the board of governors of the Federal Reserve. . . . To understand why the Fed acted as it did-at these critical moments and many others-would require years of study, poring over letters, the minutes of meetings and internal Fed documents. Such a task would naturally deter most scholars of economic history but not, thank goodness, Allan Meltzer."-Wall Street Journal "A seminal work that anyone interested in the inner workings of the U. S. central bank should read. A work that scholars will mine for years to come."-John M. Berry, Washington Post "An exceptionally clear story about why, as the ideas that actually informed policy evolved, things sometimes went well and sometimes went badly. . . . One can only hope that we do not have to wait too long for the second installment."-David Laidler, Journal of Economic Literature "A thorough narrative history of a high order. Meltzer's analysis is persuasive and acute. His work will stand for a generation as the benchmark history of the world's most powerful economic institution. It is an impressive, even awe-inspiring achievement."-Sir Howard Davies, Times Higher Education Supplement

US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 331.162.21 --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken. --- Federal Reserve banks --- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.) --- Federal Reserve banks. --- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). --- Banques de la Réserve fédérale --- History --- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System --- Private finance --- United States --- Banks of issue --- Sovet upravli︠a︡i︠u︡shchikh FRS --- Federal Reserve System (U.S.) --- F.R.S. --- FRS --- United States. --- Federal Reserve (U.S.) --- Federalʹnai︠a︡ rezervnai︠a︡ sistema (U.S.) --- Federal Reserve Board (U.S.) --- E-books --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken --- United States of America

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The relationship between the British government and the City of London has become central to debates on modern British economic, political and social life. For some the City's financial and commercial interests have exercised a dominant influence over government economic policy, creating a preoccupation with international markets and the strength of sterling which impaired domestic industrial and social well-being. Others have argued that government seriously constricted financial markets, jeopardising Britain's most successful economic sector. This 2004 collection of essays was the first book to address these issues over the entire twentieth century. It brings together leading financial and political historians to assess the government-City relationship from several directions and by examination of key episodes. As such, it will be indispensable not just for the study of modern British politics and finance, but also for assessment of the worldwide problem of tensions between national governments and international financial centres.

GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- 331.100 --- 350.0 --- 331.162.21 --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Organisatie van het openbaar bestuur: algemeenheden --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken --- London (England) --- Great Britain --- History --- Politics and government --- Politics and government. --- Arts and Humanities

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This book is a study of power. In particular, it is a study of governmental power in Britain and France. Its focus is the changing relationship between the government and the central bank in the two countries, and it examines the politics of this relationship since the time when the Bank of England and the Bank of France were first created. The book begins by considering the issue of governmental control generally. It then focuses on monetary policy making, and asks what has been the role of governments in this area and what freedom have central banks enjoyed? After a detailed historical a

FR / France - Frankrijk --- GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- 333.111.0 --- 333.111.6 --- 331.162.21 --- 333.111.1 --- Banks and banking, Central --- -Banks and banking, Central --- -Monetary policy --- -332.11 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist. --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken. --- Organieke wetten en statuten van centrale banken. --- History --- European Central Bank. --- ECB --- Banque centrale européenne --- BCE --- Banco Central Europeo --- Banca centrale europea --- Europäische Zentralbank --- Európska centrálna banka --- Monetary policy --- History. --- E-books --- 332.11 --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Organieke wetten en statuten van centrale banken --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist --- EZB

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Stanley Fischer served as First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from 1994 to 2001. IMF Essays from a Time of Crisis collects sixteen essays written for the most part during his time at the IMF, each updated with Fischer's later reflections on the issues raised. The IMF drew much criticism for some of its actions during Fischer's tenure, and he vigorously defends the "battlefield medicine" practiced by the IMF during a series of economic crises, which included the problems of economic transition in the former Soviet bloc and the Asian financial crisis. Fischer addresses the subsequent calls for reform of the international financial system and makes the case for the IMF as an international lender of last resort.The first section of essays, "The Role of the IMF and the Reform of the International Financial System," considers the IMF's role in the international financial system in light of the crises of the 1990s. The second section, "Macroeconomic Policy, Stabilization, and Transition," examines such topics as exchange rate regimes, inflation, and Eastern Europe's relation to the European Union. The final section, "Poverty and Development," reflects Fischer's basic belief that economic policies should explicitly target poverty reduction. These engaging and accessible essays will appeal not only to economics students, economists, and policymakers but also to the general reader interested in the international monetary system.

Monetary policy --- Economic stabilization --- Foreign exchange rates --- International Finance --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Monetary Fund. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- ECONOMICS/Finance --- ECONOMICS/Macroeconomics --- ECONOMICS/International Economics --- 332.042 --- 330.540 --- 331.162.21 --- 333.111.6 --- 333.164.0 --- 333.432.8 --- 333.613 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist --- Internationale Bank voor Herstel en Ontwikkeling: algemeen --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties --- IMF.

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Banks and banking, Central. --- IT / Italy - Italië - Italie --- 333.111.0 --- 333.111.6 --- 333.110 --- 333.80 --- 333.820 --- 331.157 --- 331.162.21 --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken. --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist. --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet. --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden. --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden. --- Geldwezen sedert 1945. --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken. --- AA / International- internationaal --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 331.155 --- 331.156 --- 331.154 --- Geldwezen in de XIXe eeuw tot 1914. --- Geldwezen van 1914 tot 1945. --- XVIIe, XVIIIe eeuw. Fysiocratie. --- GB / United Kingdom - Verenigd Koninkrijk - Royaume Uni --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- Banks and banking, Central --- NBB congres --- 332.11 --- Banker's banks --- Banks, Central --- Central banking --- Central banks --- Banks and banking --- Conferences - Meetings --- Geschiedenis van de centrale banken --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- E-books --- Financial institutions. --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de overheid. Voorschotten aan de overheid. Monetaire financiering van de schatkist --- Geld-, bank- en kredietpolitiek. Kapitaalmarkt en -rente: algemeenheden --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- Geldwezen sedert 1945 --- Geldwezen in de XIXe eeuw tot 1914 --- Geldwezen van 1914 tot 1945 --- XVIIe, XVIIIe eeuw. Fysiocratie