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This study examines the political role of the two main Christian communities in the Middle East, the Copts and the Maronites. Current theoretical debates on the relationship between religion and politics, as well as secularization and the role of religious pluralism in state formation and national integration, are presented.

Catholic Church -- Maronite rite -- Middle East. --- Christianity and politics -- Middle East -- Case studies. --- Coptic Church. --- Middle East -- Church history. --- Religion and politics -- Middle East. --- Christianity and politics --- Religion and politics --- Catholic Church --- Maronite rite --- Middle East --- Church history.

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Though nations are nowadays seen as the product of modernity, comparable processes of community building were taking place even earlier. Thus the history of the Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Syrian Christians shows that close-knit ethnic groups already existed in Late Antiquity and early medieval times. These communities have endured to the present day. However, there is much debate as to how they came into existence and defined themselves. The role of religion is central to this debate. A major interdisciplinary research project conducted at Leiden University investigated the identity formation of the Syriac Orthodox. It is argued that they started as a religious association. This volume presents the results of the Leiden team together with reactions from a number of other specialists. The cases of the East Syrians, Armenians, Copts, Ethiopians, and Byzantine Orthodox are discussed in five additional contributions. Contributors include: Naures Atto, Annemarie Weyl Carr, Muriel Debié, Jan van Ginkel, Wim Hofstee, Mat Immerzeel, Steven Kaplan, Theo van Lint, Glenn Peers, Richard Price, Gerrit Reinink, Bas ter Haar Romeny, Uriel Simonsohn, Bas Snelders, David Taylor, Herman Teule, Jacques van der Vliet, and Dorothea Weltecke.

Christians --- Christian communities --- Religious minorities --- Identification (Religion) --- Church history --- History --- Middle East --- Identity (Religion) --- Religious identity --- Psychology, Religious --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Church history. --- History. --- Christianity --- Apostolic Church --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Minorities --- Christian communes --- Communes, Christian --- Communities, Christian --- Religious communities --- Religious adherents --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Conferences - Meetings --- Christians - Middle East - History --- Christian communities - Middle East --- Religious minorities - Middle East - History --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Middle East - Church history --- Middle East - History