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Biomedical imaging is the key technique and process to create informative images of the human body or other organic structures for clinical purposes or medical science. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has demonstrated enormous potential in biomedical imaging applications due to its outstanding advantages of, for instance, miniaturization, high speed, higher resolution, and convenience of batch fabrication. There are many advancements and breakthroughs developing in the academic community, and there are a few challenges raised accordingly upon the designs, structures, fabrication, integration, and applications of MEMS for all kinds of biomedical imaging. This Special Issue aims to collate and showcase research papers, short commutations, perspectives, and insightful review articles from esteemed colleagues that demonstrate: (1) original works on the topic of MEMS components or devices based on various kinds of mechanisms for biomedical imaging; and (2) new developments and potentials of applying MEMS technology of any kind in biomedical imaging. The objective of this special session is to provide insightful information regarding the technological advancements for the researchers in the community.

micromachining --- n/a --- capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) --- transducer --- gold nanoparticles --- cantilever waveguide --- push-pull actuator --- MEMS mirror --- chemo-FET --- ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducer --- fluorescence --- lead-free piezoelectric materials --- acoustics --- bioimaging --- scanner --- micro-optics --- MEMS --- microendoscopy --- ego-motion estimation --- rib waveguide --- electromagnetically-driven --- two-photon --- Lissajous scanning --- fabrication --- microwave resonator --- finite element simulation --- noise figure --- imaging --- modelling --- Si lens --- microwave remote sensing --- piezoelectric array --- smart hydrogels --- bio-FET --- surface micromachining --- tilted microcoil --- near-field microwave --- electrochemical sensors --- potentiometric sensor --- photoacoustic imaging --- micromachined US transducer --- electrostatic actuator --- polyimide capillary --- high frequency ultrasonic transducer --- microring resonator --- ultrasonic transducer --- ultrasonic imaging --- indoor navigation --- optical scanner --- scale ambiguity --- bio-sensors --- non-resonating scanner --- wide-filed imaging --- confocal --- acoustic delay line --- tight focus --- miniaturized microscope --- monocular camera --- low noise amplifier (LNA) --- in vivo --- capacitive --- high spatial resolution --- sensing --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- needle-type --- display --- pseudo-resonant --- MEMS actuators --- microtechnology --- metal oxide field-effect transistor --- transduction techniques --- MEMS scanning mirror --- 3D Printing --- photoacoustic --- chemo-sensor --- in vitro --- wearable sensors

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In past decades, various sensor technologies have been used in all areas of our lives, thus improving our quality of life. In particular, imaging sensors have been widely applied in the development of various imaging approaches such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and nuclear imaging, and contributed to achieve high sensitivity, miniaturization, and real-time imaging. These advanced image sensing technologies play an important role not only in the medical field but also in the industrial field. This Special Issue covers broad topics on imaging sensors and applications. The scope range of imaging sensors can be extended to novel imaging sensors and diverse imaging systems, including hardware and software advancements. Additionally, biomedical and nondestructive sensing applications are welcome.

fluorescence LiDAR --- laser-induced fluorescence --- vegetation monitoring --- classification discrimination --- 3D measurement --- fringe projection --- 3D Fourier transform --- phase unwrapping --- phase measurement --- ultrasound --- photoacoustic imaging --- photoacoustic microscopy --- biomedical imaging --- multifocal point transducer --- wave patterns --- analytical model --- directivity pattern --- guided wave (GW) --- non-destructive testing (NDT) --- macro-fiber composite (MFC) --- transducer --- elastography --- soft tissue --- nonlinearity --- viscoelasticity --- acoustic emission --- hydrogel --- nanosilica --- transcranial --- skull bone --- aberration --- photoacoustic --- distortion --- brain imaging --- balloon catheter --- image guiding --- medical diagnostic imaging --- ultrasonic imaging --- abdominal ultrasound --- plane wave imaging --- diverging wave imaging --- synthetic focusing --- back muscle stiffness --- spine --- elasticity --- shear-wave elastography (SWE) --- tissue ultrasound palpation system (TUPS) --- reliability --- Young’s modulus --- carfilzomib --- peripheral vasculature --- quantitative analysis --- transrectal probe --- optical lens --- ultrasound imaging --- prostate cancer --- optical coherence tomography --- quad-scanner scanning strategy --- whole-directional scanning --- full-directional imaging --- IoT --- remote control --- remote operation --- remote sharing economy --- research equipment sharing --- two-photon laser scanning microscopy --- MQTT --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- brain tumor classification --- machine learning --- transfer learning --- around view monitoring system --- automatic camera calibration --- vision-based advanced driver assistance systems --- high-frequency ultrasound --- ophthalmic imaging --- synthetic aperture --- convex array transducer --- bandwidth expander --- ultrasound transducer device --- power amplifier --- super-resolution --- clinical applications --- n/a --- Young's modulus

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Infrared (IR) technologies—from Herschel’s initial experiment in the 1800s to thermal detector development in the 1900s, followed by defense-focused developments using HgCdTe—have now incorporated a myriad of novel materials for a wide variety of applications in numerous high-impact fields. These include astronomy applications; composition identifications; toxic gas and explosive detection; medical diagnostics; and industrial, commercial, imaging, and security applications. Various types of semiconductor-based (including quantum well, dot, ring, wire, dot in well, hetero and/or homo junction, Type II super lattice, and Schottky) IR (photon) detectors, based on various materials (type IV, III-V, and II-VI), have been developed to satisfy these needs. Currently, room temperature detectors operating over a wide wavelength range from near IR to terahertz are available in various forms, including focal plane array cameras. Recent advances include performance enhancements by using surface Plasmon and ultrafast, high-sensitivity 2D materials for infrared sensing. Specialized detectors with features such as multiband, selectable wavelength, polarization sensitive, high operating temperature, and high performance (including but not limited to very low dark currents) are also being developed. This Special Issue highlights advances in these various types of infrared detectors based on various material systems.

microbolometer --- infrared sensor --- complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) --- high sensitivity --- temperature sensor --- microresonator --- MEMS --- clamped–clamped beam --- thermal detector --- Infrared detector --- strained layer superlattice --- InAs/InAsSb --- absorption coefficient --- barrier detector --- high operating temperature --- manganite --- heterostructure --- photodetector --- heterostructures --- split-off band --- wavelength extension --- device performance --- ultrasound transducer --- photoacoustic imaging --- piezoelectric --- micromachined --- CMUT --- PMUT --- optical ultrasound detection --- type-II superlattice --- infrared detector --- mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) --- unipolar barrier --- InAs/GaSb --- T2SL --- IR --- TE-cooled --- spectroscopy --- RoHS --- MCT --- n/a --- clamped-clamped beam

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In this Special Issue of Sensors, seven peer-reviewed manuscripts appear on the topic of ultrasonic transducer design and operation in harsh environments: elevated temperature, high gamma and neutron radiation fields, or the presence of aggressive chemicals. Motivations for these research and development projects are strongly focused on nuclear power plant inspections (particularly liquid-sodium cooled reactors), and nondestructive testing of high-temperature piping installations. It is anticipated that extensive use of permanently mounted robust transducers for in-service monitoring of petrochemical plants and power generations stations; quality control in manufacturing plants; and primary and secondary process monitoring in the fabrication of engineering materials will soon be made.

PMN-PT --- neutron irradiation --- TUCSS --- L-waves --- field-deployable sensor --- structural health monitoring --- ultrasonic --- piezoelectric wafer active sensor --- nondestructive testing --- high-temperature monitoring --- FBR --- gallium phosphate --- NDT (Non Destructive Testing) --- inspection --- guided wave --- elevated temperature --- imaging --- sodium --- pressurized water reactor fuel rods --- high-temperature ultrasonic testing --- ultrasonic transducer --- dry coupling --- reactor --- lithium niobate --- non-destructive evaluation --- guided-wave send–receive --- spray-on transducers --- NDE --- piezoelectric --- harsh environment --- R --- EMAT sensor --- piezocomposites --- ISI&amp --- SFR --- NDT --- liquid sodium --- thickness shear --- Phased Array --- NDE (Non Destructive Evaluation) --- ultrasound --- high temperature --- radiation --- radiation resistance --- in-service inspection --- nuclear power plants

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Acute inflammation is a highly regulated process, and its dysregulation can lead to the development of a chronic inflammatory state which is believed to play a main role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the need to find new anti-inflammatory molecules has raised the scientific community´s interest for marine natural products. In this regard, the marine environment represents a source for isolating a wealth of bioactive compounds. In this Special Issue, the reported products have been obtained from microalgae, sea cucumber, octopus, squid, red alga-derived fungus, cnidarians, hard-shelled mussel, and sponges.

Tropical Eastern Pacific --- Zoanthus pulchellus --- critical illness --- zoanthamine --- SPR analysis --- dendritic cells --- endothelial cell death --- T cell differentiation --- seafood waste --- microalgae --- pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6 --- NRLP3 --- THP-1 macrophages --- fucoxanthin --- photo-protection --- cytokine --- thromboxane --- Isochrysis galbana --- fish oil --- photoprotection --- functional ingredients --- rosmarinic acid --- MAPK --- marine invertebrates --- poor blood circulation --- anti-inflammatory activity --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- anti-oxidative --- macroalgae --- colon inflammation --- MGDG --- TLR4 --- 6-bieckol --- polyunsaturated fatty acid --- matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) --- acute sickness behavior --- UVB --- eicosanoid --- clavulones --- carotenoids --- denervation --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- skin --- epidermal hyperplasia --- Geodia barretti --- omega-3 --- parenteral nutrition --- inflammation --- ultraviolet B --- docosahexaenoic acid --- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) --- anti-inflammatory --- zoantharia --- vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration --- bioactive molecules --- polysaccharides --- lipopolysaccharide (LPS) --- glycolipids --- DSS colitis --- punaglandins --- marine nutraceuticals --- marine vertebrates --- phlorotannins --- acute lung injury (ALI) --- NF-?B --- diatoms --- interleukin (IL) --- inflammasome --- Frondanol --- Cucumaria frondosa --- prostaglandins --- Ecklonia cava --- 6-bromoindole --- NO inhibition --- surgery