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Waterworks --- Water-supply, Rural --- Government policy --- Finance.

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This manual and the free downloadable costing tool is the outcome of a project identified by the Water, Sanitation and Health Programme (WSH) of the World Health Organization (WHO) faced with the challenge of costing options for improved access, both to safe drinking water and to adequate sanitation. Although limited in scope to the process of costing safe water supply technologies, a proper use of this material lies within a larger setting considering the cultural, environmental, institutional, political and social conditions that should be used by policy decision makers in developing countries to promote sustainable development strategies.  Costing Improved Water Supply Systems for Low-income Communities provides practical guidance to facilitate and standardize the implementation of social life-cycle costing to "improved" drinking-water supply technologies. These technologies have been defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, as those that, by the nature of its construction, adequately protect the source of water from outside contamination, in particular with faecal matter. The conceptual framework used has also been conceived to be applied to costing improved sanitation options.  To facilitate the application of the costing method to actual projects, a basic tool was developed using Microsoft Excel, which is called a water supply costing processor. It enables a user-friendly implementation of all the tasks involved in a social life-cycle costing process and provides both the detailed and the consolidated cost figures that are needed by decision-makers. The scope and the limits of the costing method in a real setting was assessed through field tests designed and performed by local practitioners in selected countries. These tests were carried out in Peru and in six countries in the WHO regions of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. They identified practical issues in using the manual and the water supply costing processor and provided practical recommendations.

Water-supply, Rural. --- Rural water-supply --- Sanitation, Rural

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Resource added for the Environmental Engineering Waste and Water Technology program 105062.{u200B} Resource added for the Farm Business and Production Management program 300901.

Water-supply, Agricultural --- Management. --- Agricultural water-supply --- Agriculture and water --- Water-supply, Rural --- Water in agriculture

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Water-supply, Rural --- Water quality management --- Agriculture --- Agricultural ecology --- Environmental aspects

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Exclusion and inequitable access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and opportunities are major concerns to development practitioners. The job of providing water for the household invariably falls on women, often at the expense of their education, income-earning opportunities and social, cultural and political involvement. This book aims to unpack the key elements of the WASH-gender nexus, examine these and recommend ways ahead for improved gender outcomes and WASH impact in India.

Water-supply, Rural --- Women in rural development --- Sanitation, Rural --- Rural sanitation --- Rural health --- Rural development --- Women volunteers in social service --- Rural water-supply --- Management --- Citizen participation