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Sports performance is primarily associated with elite sport, however, recreational athletes are increasingly attempting to emulate elite athletes. Performance optimization is distinctly multidisciplinary. Optimized training concepts and the use of state-of-the-art technologies are crucial for improving performance. However, sports performance enhancement is in constant conflict with the protection of athletes’ health. Notwithstanding the known positive effects of physical activity on health, the prevention and management of sports injuries remain major challenges to be addressed. Accordingly, this Special Issue on "Sports Performance and Health" consists of 17 original research papers, one review paper, and one commentary, and covers a wide range of topics related to fatigue, movement asymmetries, optimization of sports performance by training, technique, and/or tactics enhancements, prevention and management of sports injuries, optimization of sports equipment to increase performance and/or decrease the risk of injury, and innovations for sports performance, health, and load monitoring. As this Special Issue offers several new insights and multidisciplinary perspectives on sports performance and health, readers from around the world who work in these areas are expected to benefit from this Special Issue collection.
symmetry --- asymmetry --- foot --- force --- balance --- postural stability --- standing --- hurdling --- biomechanics --- hurdle clearance --- technique analysis --- collar height --- kinematics --- kinetics --- dynamic stability --- ankle injury --- range of motion --- basketball shooting --- proprioception --- ankle sprain --- taping --- soccer --- basketball --- prevention --- musculoskeletal disorders --- personalized treatment --- measurement --- healthy athletes --- jump performance --- smartphones --- My Jump 2 --- reliability --- validity --- training environment --- sports --- athletes --- interval training --- biological emotional evaluation --- sports sciences --- muscle activations --- electromyography --- slope walking --- backpack loads --- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide --- training --- mitochondrion --- table tennis --- racket --- racket sports --- performance analysis --- game-actions --- strokes --- morphology --- isokinetic --- sprints --- vertical jump performance --- handball shooting --- agility --- strength --- power --- inter-limb asymmetry --- global navigation satellite system --- GPS --- IMU --- inertial motion capture --- pressure insoles --- ski racing --- alpine skiing --- athletes’ health --- epidemiology --- spine --- musculoskeletal injuries --- skiing simulation --- optical motion capture --- tensiometer --- ski waist-width --- knee injury --- wrist --- elbow --- shot --- accuracy --- RFD-SF --- badminton --- knee joint --- injury --- one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping --- eccentric --- alpine ski racing --- strength training --- supramaximal loads --- athlete safety --- n/a --- athletes' health
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The Special Issue “Game Theory” of the journal Mathematics provides a collection of papers that represent modern trends in mathematical game theory and its applications. The works address the problem of constructing and implementation of solution concepts based on classical optimality principles in different classes of games. In the case of non-cooperative behavior of players, the Nash equilibrium as a basic optimality principle is considered in both static and dynamic game settings. In the case of cooperative behavior of players, the situation is more complicated. As is seen from presented papers, the direct use of cooperative optimality principles in dynamic and differential games may bring time or subgame inconsistency of a solution which makes the cooperative schemes unsustainable. The notion of time or subgame consistency is crucial to the success of cooperation in a dynamic framework. In the works devoted to dynamic or differential games, this problem is analyzed and the special regularization procedures proposed to achieve time or subgame consistency of cooperative solutions. Among others, special attention in the presented book is paid to the construction of characteristic functions which determine the power of coalitions in games. The book contains many multi-disciplinary works applied to economic and environmental applications in a coherent manner.
pursuit --- control functions --- integral constraints --- strategies --- value of the game --- decision-making --- game theory --- project management --- differential games --- cooperative differential games --- Time Consistency --- IDP-core --- IDP dominance --- two-sided platform market --- pricing --- Hotelling’s duopoly on the plane --- Nash equilibrium --- optimal location of platforms --- prescribed duration --- characteristic function --- environmental resource management --- pollution control --- discrete-time games --- cooperation --- the core --- linear transformation --- time consistency --- multistage game --- chance moves --- subgame perfect equilibria --- cooperative trajectory --- imputation distribution procedure --- random time horizon --- time until failure --- discounted equilibrium --- weibull distribution --- chen distribution --- equivalence principle --- cooperative game --- satisfaction criteria --- proportional value --- axiomatization --- cooperative stochastic game --- strong subgame consistency --- core --- dynamic games --- multicriteria games --- Nash bargaining solution --- dynamic stability --- rational behavior conditions --- Shapley-Solidarity value --- coalition structure --- potential --- bidding mechanism
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The broad use of composite materials and shell structural members with complex geometries in technologies related to various branches of engineering has gained increased attention from scientists and engineers for the development of even more refined approaches and investigation of their mechanical behavior. It is well known that composite materials are able to provide higher values of strength stiffness, and thermal properties, together with conferring reduced weight, which can affect the mechanical behavior of beams, plates, and shells, in terms of static response, vibrations, and buckling loads. At the same time, enhanced structures made of composite materials can feature internal length scales and non-local behaviors, with great sensitivity to different staking sequences, ply orientations, agglomeration of nanoparticles, volume fractions of constituents, and porosity levels, among others. In addition to fiber-reinforced composites and laminates, increased attention has been paid in literature to the study of innovative components such as functionally graded materials (FGMs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets, and smart constituents. Some examples of smart applications involve large stroke smart actuators, piezoelectric sensors, shape memory alloys, magnetostrictive and electrostrictive materials, as well as auxetic components and angle-tow laminates. These constituents can be included in the lamination schemes of smart structures to control and monitor the vibrational behavior or the static deflection of several composites. The development of advanced theoretical and computational models for composite materials and structures is a subject of active research and this is explored here for different complex systems, including their static, dynamic, and buckling responses; fracture mechanics at different scales; the adhesion, cohesion, and delamination of materials and interfaces.
dynamic stability --- elastomeric foundation --- Eringen’s differential constitutive model --- graphene sheet --- temperature-dependent properties --- basement bottom reinforcement --- reinforcement depth --- Young’s modulus of reinforced soil --- tunnel heave --- numerical analysis --- epistemic uncertainty --- evidence theory --- robust optimization --- sensor design --- near-field earthquake --- fling-step --- far-field --- simultaneous excitation --- special moment frame (SMF) --- advanced model --- precise prediction --- circular foundation pit --- tunnel deformation --- composite --- stochastic --- natural frequency --- uncertainty --- metro constructions --- shield tunnel --- ground settlement --- soil displacement --- analytical --- Mindlin solution --- EELS --- plasmons vibrational modes --- nanoparticles --- nonlocal and size-dependent dielectric --- nanoparticle suspension --- Brownian motion --- spectral thermal pulsing --- DEM simulations --- Nano-device applications --- stratum movements --- mirror source–sink method --- centrifuge modelling test --- transport --- palletized goods --- damage --- bottle --- buckling --- Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) --- n/a --- Eringen's differential constitutive model --- Young's modulus of reinforced soil --- mirror source-sink method
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The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, blockchain technology and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.
constant power load --- microgrid --- dynamic stability --- optimization --- PLL --- power-sharing control --- solid oxide fuel cell --- parameter identification --- backstepping control --- event-triggered control --- Lyapunov stability theorem --- networked control system --- nonlinear system --- autonomous driving vehicles --- vehicular communication --- intelligent driver model --- data-driven control model --- 3PL logistics --- decision making --- ARAS --- entropy --- CRITIC --- maximum power point tracking --- photovoltaic system --- partial shading conditions --- surface-based polynomial fitting --- Differential Evolution --- metaheuristic algorithms --- DC–DC converter --- islanding detection --- local islanding --- remote islanding --- signal processing --- hybrid microgrids --- renewable energies --- energy management --- electricity system --- vibration control --- dynamic vibration absorbers --- aerial vehicles --- quadrotor --- motion tracking control --- autonomous power system --- generating power consumer --- hydroelectric power plant --- optimal power consumption --- wind power plant --- solar photovoltaic power plant --- energy storage --- microgrids --- university campus --- battery energy storage --- renewable energy --- simulation --- optimal behavioral modeling --- automotive --- low-dropout linear voltage regulator --- power supply rejection ratio
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The advancement in manufacturing technology and scientific research has improved the development of enhanced composite materials with tailored properties depending on their design requirements in many engineering fields, as well as in thermal and energy management. Some representative examples of advanced materials in many smart applications and complex structures rely on laminated composites, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and carbon-based constituents, primarily carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene sheets or nanoplatelets, because of their remarkable mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and high permeability. For such materials, experimental tests usually require a large economical effort because of the complex nature of each constituent, together with many environmental, geometrical and or mechanical uncertainties of non-conventional specimens. At the same time, the theoretical and/or computational approaches represent a valid alternative for designing complex manufacts with more flexibility. In such a context, the development of advanced theoretical and computational models for composite materials and structures is a subject of active research, as explored here for a large variety of structural members, involving the static, dynamic, buckling, and damage/fracturing problems at different scales.
prestressed concrete cylinder pipe --- external prestressed steel strands --- theoretical study --- wire-breakage --- first-principles calculation --- Heusler compounds --- gapless half metals --- spin gapless semiconductor --- bi-directional functionally graded --- bolotin scheme --- dynamic stability --- elastic foundation --- porosity --- two-axis four-gimbal --- electro-optical pod --- dynamics modeling --- coarse–fine composite --- Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) --- fastener --- arc --- Joule heat --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- piezoelectric effect --- bimodular model --- functionally-graded materials --- cantilever --- vibration --- functional reinforcement --- graphene nanoplatelets --- higher-order shear deformable laminated beams --- nanocomposites --- nonlinear free vibration --- sandwich beams --- fractional calculus --- Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative --- viscoelasticity --- pipe flow --- fractional Maxwell model --- fractional Zener model --- fractional Burgers model --- Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative --- fractional Kelvin–Voigt model --- fractional Poynting–Thomson model --- curved sandwich nanobeams --- nonlocal strain gradient theory --- quasi-3D higher-order shear theory --- thermal-buckling --- FG-GPL --- GDQ --- heat transfer equation --- higher-order shear deformation theory --- buckling --- FE-GDQ --- functionally graded materials --- 3D elasticity --- 3D shell model --- steady-state hygro-elastic analysis --- Fick moisture diffusion equation --- moisture content profile --- layer-wise approach --- n/a --- coarse-fine composite --- fractional Kelvin-Voigt model --- fractional Poynting-Thomson model
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This book is devoted to energy harvesting from smart materials and devices. It focusses on the latest available techniques recently published by researchers all over the world. Energy Harvesting allows otherwise wasted environmental energy to be converted into electric energy, such as vibrations, wind and solar energy. It is a common experience that the limiting factor for wearable electronics, such as smartphones or wearable bands, or for wireless sensors in harsh environments, is the finite energy stored in onboard batteries. Therefore, the answer to the battery “charge or change” issue is energy harvesting because it converts the energy in the precise location where it is needed. In order to achieve this, suitable smart materials are needed, such as piezoelectrics or magnetostrictives. Moreover, energy harvesting may also be exploited for other crucial applications, such as for the powering of implantable medical/sensing devices for humans and animals. Therefore, energy harvesting from smart materials will become increasingly important in the future. This book provides a broad perspective on this topic for researchers and readers with both physics and engineering backgrounds.
magnetostrictive --- energy harvesting --- wearable --- magnetostrictive materials --- Galfenol --- finite element model --- iron–gallium --- measurements --- preisach model --- piezoelectric ceramics --- lead-free piezoceramics --- virtual instrument --- 3D electrospinning --- PVDF fibers --- piezoelectricity --- piezoelectric sensing --- wind energy harvesting --- snap-through motion --- dynamic stability --- variable-speed --- double-clamped --- width shapes --- piezoelectric energy harvester --- electrodes pair --- MEMS structure --- finite element method --- open circuit voltage --- moving load --- layered double hydroxide solar cell (LDHSC) --- photoactive material --- UV-Vis absorption --- dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) --- photoactive layered double hydroxide (LDH) --- transition metal modification --- optical bandgap analysis --- renewable energy --- photovoltaic device design --- iron (Fe) modified MgFeAl LDH --- triboelectric effect --- polymer and composites --- low-power devices --- thermomagnetic energy generators --- power generation --- waste heat recovery --- lumped-element modelling --- magnetic shape memory films --- Ni-Mn-Ga film --- magnetization change --- Curie temperature --- finite element simulation --- piezoelectric unit distributions --- electrical potential and energy --- von Mises stress --- PVDF --- piezoelectric material --- human body movements --- glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite --- multifunctional structural laminate --- thermal energy harvesting --- through-thickness thermal gradient --- thermoelectric generator (TEG) --- n/a --- iron-gallium
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