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This book presents a collection of works published in a recent Special Issue (SI) entitled “Computational Fluid Dynamics”. These works address the development and validation of existent numerical solvers for fluid flow problems and their related applications. They present complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomena. The applications are wide and range from aerodynamic drag and pressure waves to geometrical blade modification on aerodynamics characteristics of high-pressure gas turbines, hydromagnetic flow arising in porous regions, optimal design of isothermal sloshing vessels to evaluation of (hybrid) nanofluid properties, their control using MHD, and their effect on different modes of heat transfer. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validating and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter/multidisciplinary works on many engineering applications in a coherent manner.

homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions --- porous medium --- first slip --- second slip --- exact solution --- fluid structure-interaction --- vibration suppression --- entropy generation minimization --- sloshing --- damping factor --- porous slider --- MHD flow --- reynolds number --- velocity slip --- homotopy analysis method --- Casson nanoliquid --- Marangoni convection --- inclined MHD --- Joule heating --- heat source --- third-grade liquid --- heat generation/absorption --- stretched cylinder --- series solution --- slip effects --- mixed convection flow --- cross fluid --- Darcy–Forchheimer model --- successive local linearization method --- swimming gyrotactic microorganisms --- Darcy law --- nanofluid --- unsteady flow --- non-axisymmetric flow --- MHD --- hybrid nanofluid --- stagnation-point flow --- ferrofluid --- Lie group framework --- unsteady slip flow --- stretching surface --- thermal radiation --- lattice Boltzmann method --- smoothed profile method --- hybrid method --- natural convection simulation --- concentric hexagonal annulus --- CMC-water --- Casson fluid --- mixed convection --- solid sphere --- scaling group analysis --- Sutterby fluid --- magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) --- stability analysis --- entropy --- nanoliquid --- moving wall --- unsteady stagnation point --- convective boundary condition --- Hyperloop system --- transonic speed --- aerodynamic drag --- drag coefficient --- pressure wave --- shockwave --- nanofluids --- heat generation --- sphere --- plume --- finite difference method --- gas turbine --- damaged rotor blade --- leading-edge modification --- aerodynamic characteristics --- micropolar hybrid nanofluid --- dual solution --- stretching/shrinking sheet --- Sisko fluid flow --- gold particles --- radiation effect --- slip effect --- curved surface --- Reiner-Rivlin nanofluid --- circular plates --- induced magnetic effects --- activation energy --- bioconvection nanofluid --- steady flow --- Tiwari and Das model --- Prandtl-Eyring nanofluid --- entropy generation --- implicit finite difference method

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Fluid interfaces are promising candidates for confining different types of materials, e.g., polymers, surfactants, colloids, and even small molecules, to be used in designing new functional materials with reduced dimensionality. The development of such materials requires a deepening of the physicochemical bases underlying the formation of layers at fluid interfaces as well as on the characterization of their structures and properties. This is of particular importance because the constraints associated with the assembly of materials at the interface lead to the emergence of equilibrium and features of dynamics in the interfacial systems, which are far removed from those conventionally found in traditional materials. This Special Issue is devoted to studies on the fundamental and applied aspects of fluid interfaces, and attempts to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current status of the research field.

polyelectrolyte --- surfactants --- kinetically trapped aggregates --- interfaces --- surface tension --- interfacial dilational rheology --- adsorption --- nonlinear stretching sheet --- viscoelastic fluid --- MHD --- viscous dissipation --- underwater vehicle --- sea-water pump --- vibration isolation --- flexible pipes --- cationic surfactants --- Gemini 12-2-12 surfactant --- dynamic surface tension --- maximum bubble pressure --- surface potential --- nanofluid --- stretching surface --- rotating fluid --- Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) --- porous media --- magnetohydrodynamics --- hybrid nanofluid --- stretching cylinder --- flow characteristics --- nanoparticles --- convective heat transfer --- interfacial tensions --- dilational rheology --- biocompatible emulsions --- partition coefficient --- Tween 80 --- saponin --- citronellol glucoside --- MCT oil --- Miglyol 812N --- lipids --- pollutants --- Langmuir monolayers --- particles --- rheology --- neutron reflectometry --- ellipsometry --- DPPC --- lipid monolayers --- air/water interface --- entropy --- second grade nanofluid --- Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model --- nonlinear thermal radiation --- Joule heating --- fluid displacement --- inverse Saffman–Taylor instability --- partially miscible --- Korteweg force --- gyrotactic microorganisms --- micropolar magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) --- Maxwell nanofluid --- single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) --- thermal radiation --- chemical reaction --- mixed convection --- permeability --- confinement --- dynamics --- materials --- applications

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The advancements in research related to heat transfer has gathered much attention in recent decades following the quest for efficient thermal systems, interdisciplinary studies involving heat transfer, and energy research. Heat transfer, a fundamental transport phenomenon, has been considered one of the critical aspects for the development and advancement of many modern applications, including cooling, thermal systems which contain symmetry analysis, energy conservation and storage, and symmetry-preserving discretization of heat transfer in a complex turbulent flow. The objective of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of heat transfer in engineering and its influence on emerging technologies.

heat generation --- internal short --- lithium-ion --- nail penetration --- temperature --- thermal abuse --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system --- artificial neural network --- current --- power --- thermal efficiency --- thermoelectric generator system --- waste heat recovery --- efficiency --- power generation --- thermal stress --- thermoelectric module --- cooling and heating mode --- heat pump --- high-pressure chiller --- light-duty commercial electric vehicle --- system performance --- truncated twisted tape --- secondary flow --- laminar convective heat transfer --- performance evaluation criterion --- CFD --- heat exchanger --- cooling --- Lorentz force --- magnetohydrodynamics --- microchannel --- MHD pump --- thermoelectric system --- real-time polymerase chain reaction --- battery --- heating performance --- HVAC --- parallel --- serial --- economic --- energy saving --- hot water --- internal combustion engine --- waste heat --- heat transfer characteristics --- hybrid nanofluid --- performance evaluation criteria --- single particle nanofluid --- uniformly heated tube --- Bejan number --- microplate heat exchanger --- particle shape --- performance index --- thermodynamic analysis

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Microfluidics has seen a remarkable growth over recent decades, with its extensive applications in engineering, medicine, biology, chemistry, etc. Many of these real applications of microfluidics involve the handling of complex fluids, such as whole blood, protein solutions, and polymeric solutions, which exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics—specifically viscoelasticity. The elasticity of the non-Newtonian fluids induces intriguing phenomena, such as elastic instability and turbulence, even at extremely low Reynolds numbers. This is the consequence of the nonlinear nature of the rheological constitutive equations. The nonlinear characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids can dramatically change the flow dynamics, and is useful to enhance mixing at the microscale. Electrokinetics in the context of non-Newtonian fluids are also of significant importance, with their potential applications in micromixing enhancement and bio-particles manipulation and separation. In this Special Issue, we welcomed research papers, and review articles related to the applications, fundamentals, design, and the underlying mechanisms of non-Newtonian microfluidics, including discussions, analytical papers, and numerical and/or experimental analyses.

microfluidics --- Janus droplet --- OpenFOAM --- volume of fluid method --- adaptive dynamic mesh refinement --- shear-thinning fluid --- electroosmosis --- elastic instability --- non-Newtonian fluid --- Oldroyd-B model --- electroosmotic flow --- micromixing performance --- heterogeneous surface potential --- wall obstacle --- power-law fluid --- bvp4c --- RK4 technique --- brownian motion --- porous rotating disk --- maxwell nanofluid --- thermally radiative fluid --- von karman transformation --- hybrid nanofluid --- entropy generation --- induced magnetic field --- convective boundary conditions --- thermal radiations --- stretching disk --- viscoelastic material --- group similarity analysis --- thermal relaxation time --- parametric investigation --- variable magnetic field --- error analysis --- viscoelastic fluid --- microfluid --- direction-dependent --- viscous dissipation --- chemical reaction --- finite element procedure --- hybrid nanoparticles --- heat and mass transfer rates --- joule heating --- tri-hybrid nanoparticles --- Soret and Dufour effect --- boundary layer analysis --- finite element scheme --- heat generation --- constructive and destructive chemical reaction --- particle separation --- viscoelastic flow --- inertial focusing --- spiral channel --- transient two-layer flow --- power-law nanofluid --- heat transfer --- Laplace transform --- nanoparticle volume fraction --- effective thermal conductivity --- fractal scaling --- Monte Carlo --- porous media --- power-law model --- bioheat equation --- human body --- droplet deformation --- viscoelasticity --- wettable surface --- dielectric field --- droplet migration --- wettability gradient --- n/a

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Over the past four decades, there has been increased attention given to the research of fluid mechanics due to its wide application in industry and phycology. Major advances in the modeling of key topics such Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids and thin film flows have been made and finally published in the Special Issue of coatings. This is an attempt to edit the Special Issue into a book. Although this book is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students, industrial researchers and in overcoming the difficulties occurring in the said topic, while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations. For such types of equations, it is often more difficult to find an analytical solution or even a numerical one. This book has successfully handled this challenging job with the latest techniques. In addition, the findings of the simulation are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value.

Synovial fluid --- coating --- shear-thinning and -thickening models --- mass transport --- asymmetric channel --- analytical solution --- thin film --- spin coating --- rotating disk --- nanoparticles --- Newtonian fluids --- coatings --- curved stretched surface --- nanoliquid --- nonlinear thermal radiation --- entropy generation --- Reiner-Phillipoff fluid --- time-dependent --- thermal radiation --- homotopy analysis method (HAM) --- thin film of micropolar fluid --- porous medium --- thermophoresis --- skin friction --- Nusselt number and Sherwood number --- variable thickness of the liquid film --- HAM --- optical fiber coating --- double-layer coating --- viscoelastic PTT fluid --- analytic and numerical simulations --- thin film casson nanofluid --- SWCNTs and MWCNTs --- stretching cylinder --- MHD --- unsteady flow and heat transfer --- nanofluid --- Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes variable --- dual solutions --- numerical solution --- correlation expressions --- Casson fluid --- condensation film --- heat generation/consumption --- thin liquid film flow --- carbon nanotubes --- Cattaneo-Christov heat flux --- variable heat source/sink --- heated bi-phase flow --- couple stress fluid --- lubrication effects --- slippery walls --- magnetohydrodynamics --- Darcy-Forchheimer nanofluid --- nonlinear extending disc --- variable thin layer --- HAM and numerical method --- peristaltic flow --- an endoscope --- variable viscosity --- Adomian solutions --- different wave forms --- pseudo-similarity variable --- micropolar nanofluid --- darcy forchheimer model --- MHD flow --- triple solution --- stability analysis --- APCM --- Caputo derivative --- unsteady flow --- shrinking surface --- Williamson model --- peristaltic pumping --- convective boundary conditions --- analytic solutions --- second order slip --- double stratification --- Cattaneo–Christov heat flux --- variable thermal conductivity --- Williamson nanofluid --- velocity second slip --- wave forms --- exact solutions --- magnetic field --- heat and mass transfer --- Hall current --- homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions --- viscoelastic fluids --- heterogeneous–homogeneous reactions --- mixed convective flow --- binary chemical reaction --- arrhenius activation energy --- gas-liquid coatings --- bubbles --- two-fluid model --- phase distribution --- HPM --- double diffusion --- curved channel --- compliant walls --- analytical solutions --- third grade fluid model --- hybrid nanofluid --- induced magnetic field --- mixed convection --- heat generation --- peristalsis --- cilia beating --- Non-Newtonian --- Bejan number --- Jeffrey fluid model --- eccentric annuli --- droplet impact modelling --- impedance analysis --- rain erosion --- ultrasound measurements --- viscoelastic modelling --- wind turbine blades --- computational modelling --- rain erosion testing --- viscoelastic characterization --- development and characterization of coatings --- applications of thin films --- nanostructured materials --- surfaces and interfaces --- applications of multiphase fluids --- mathematical modeling on biological applications --- electronics --- magnetics and magneto-optics