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Työurien vakaus ja laatu ovat merkittäviä yhteiskunnallisia ja talouspoliittisia kysymyksiä, sillä pohjoismaisen hyvinvointivaltion rahoitus perustuu työikäisten työssäkäyntiin sekä työstä, tuotannosta ja kulutuksesta kerättävään verotuloon. Tässä kokoomateoksessa tarkastellaan, millaisiksi työurat ovat viime vuosikymmeninä muotoutuneet viennin kannalta tärkeillä teollisuusaloilla. Tutkimustulokset perustuvat yritysten ja työntekijöiden kokonaisrekisteriaineistoon, yritystilastoihin ja teollisuustoimialojen asiantuntijoiden haastatteluihin. Työuria tarkastellaan teoksessa useista eri näkökulmista, joita ovat työllisyyden vakaus, työssäolo, työtulojen kehitys, liikkuvuus toimialojen ja toimipaikkojen välillä sekä uudelleenkouluttautuminen. Tulosten perusteella työurat eivät ole Suomessa keskimäärin heikentyneet eikä julkisuudessa usein esitetty käsitys työurien aiempaa suuremmasta epävakaudesta pidä paikkaansa. Kuitenkin naisten ja matalasti koulutettujen työurat ja palkkakehitys jäävät miehistä ja paremmin koulutetuista jälkeen eli työurien tasa-arvo ei ole edistynyt. Tutkimuksen muita keskeisiä johtopäätöksiä on, että aikuiskouluttautuminen eriytyy koulutustason mukaan ja että yritysten investoinnit aineettomaan pääomaan ennakoivat henkilöstölle myönteisiä työuratulemia. The stability and quality of work careers are major social and economic issues, as the funding of the Nordic welfare state is based on the employment of working-age people and the tax revenue collected from work, production and consumption. This edited volume examines how work careers have developed in specific industrial sectors and at different levels of education in recent decades.The research results are based on the linked employer-employee data of Statistics Finland, company statistics and interviews with industry experts. Careers are examined from several different perspectives, including career stability, employment status, income development, mobility between industries and places of work, and on-the-job training.Based on the results, careers have not weakened between cohorts on average in Finland. Instead of the often-expressed perception of greater job instability, there is high stability of employment combined with high mobility within the careers, owing to the high frequency of changing industries and jobs. However, the career development of women and the low-skilled lags behind that of men and the more highly educated, meaning that equality in earnings has not progressed. Other key findings of the study suggest that adult education differs according to the level of education, and that companies' investments in intangible capital anticipate positive career outcomes for employees.

career --- industry --- industrial work --- structural change --- employment --- income from work --- know-how --- education --- gender --- investments --- Finland --- työura --- teollisuus --- toimialat --- teknologinen kehitys --- teollisuustyö --- vaikutukset --- työllisyysvaikutukset --- rakennemuutos --- työelämä --- muutos --- osaaminen --- teollisuustyöntekijät --- työtulot --- sukupuoli --- työssäoppiminen --- erikoisammattitutkinnot --- yritykset --- investoinnit --- Suomi --- Career changes. --- Socioeconomic Factors.

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Each year a growing number of complex and distinctive cases are filed in diverse forums which specialize in international investment arbitration. Until now, however, no single manual has guided practitioners through the many complexities involved in international investment arbitration proceedings - from whether and how to initiate arbitral proceedings to the enforcement of the award and available post-award remedies. Litigating International Investment Disputes: A Practitioner’s Guide fills this lacuna by serving as a comprehensive resource for those who are new to international investment arbitration, as well as for the seasoned practitioners. The diverse group of contributors are highly experienced experts and practitioners, who have acted as counsel and arbitrators, and served in institutions which routinely administer international investment arbitration proceedings.

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