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The current French, German and Dutch Law of Contract each offer a remedy of specific performance to creditors suffering from breach of contract. This book analyses the alterations to this remedy during the nineteenth century on the substantive, procedural and enforcement levels. Fascinatingly, there is a link between changes to the remedy and the development of early human rights and the mass industrialisation of society. The latter had the effect of actually converging the national remedies of specific performance in the examined systems: damages and rescission became more accessible as remedies at the cost of specific performance. The book demonstrates the interdependency between law and society and provides vital background information to the harmonisation of a controversial concept in the European Law of Obligations.    Studies in the History of Private Law , volume 2

Specific performance --- Performance, Specific --- Contracts --- Equitable remedies --- Performance (Law) --- History --- 347.4 <43> --- 347.4 <44> --- 347.4 <492> --- 347.4 <492> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Nederland --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Nederland --- 347.4 <44> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Frankrijk --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Frankrijk --- 347.4 <43> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989 --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Duitsland voor 1945 en na 1989

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This volume analyses thirteen cases, from the perspective of sixteen national European legal systems, in order to explore the legal nature of the precontractual phase and the liability which may follow a break-off of precontractual negotiations. The precontractual phase is difficult to characterise and analyse in either legal or practical terms. The negotiating parties have begun their journey together, but they are not yet in the relationship - the contract - which is their aim. The negotiations may fail after a lengthy period in which either party may have incurred significant expenses and invested time and effort. The break-off of the negotiations may come as a shock to one party where the negotiations were far advanced, or at least where there was nothing to suggest that they were not likely to lead to their fruition in the contract. The disappointed party is therefore likely to seek a remedy.

Law of obligations. Law of contract --- European law --- Contracts, Preliminary --- Liability (Law) --- 347.4 <4> --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- 347.4 <4> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Obligations (Law) --- Preliminary agreements --- Preliminary contracts --- Law and legislation --- Law --- General and Others

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Der Sammelband enthält 23 Beiträge ausgewiesener Wissenschaftler und Praktiker des In- und Auslands zur Entwicklung institutioneller Anleger (Banken, Versicherungen, Investmentfonds, Pensionsfonds usw.), ihre Anlagepolitik, ihr Abstimmungsverhalten, die Auswirkungen auf die Geschäftsleitungen ihrer Beteiligungsgesellschaften sowie zu den in diesem Zusammenhang auftretenden rechtspolitischen Fragen. The volume contains 23 articles by international experts, both scholars and practioners dealing with the development of institutional investors (such as banks, insurances, investment companies, pension funds etc.), their investment and voting policies, the impact on managements of the companies concerned and related issues. The consequences of the international development on capital markets as well as policy implications for the respective national legislations are treated.

-Institutional investments --- -Stockholders' voting --- -Comparative management --- -Comparative law --- -Comparative jurisprudence --- Voting, Stockholders' --- Stockholders' meetings --- Global custody (Securities) --- Governance, Corporate --- Investor relations --- Institutional investments --- Stockholders' voting --- -Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- -347.728 Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- Comparative law --- Comparative management --- Corporate governance --- Corporation law --- Corporations --- Directors of corporations --- 347.728 --- 347.728 Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- Bijzonder vennootschaprecht: aandelen, obligaties, openbare uitgiften, emissies, openbaar aanbod, liquidatie --- Investments --- Corporate directors --- Corporation directors --- Business corporations --- C corporations --- Corporations, Business --- Corporations, Public --- Limited companies --- Publicly held corporations --- Publicly traded corporations --- Public limited companies --- Stock corporations --- Subchapter C corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporate power --- Disincorporation --- Stocks --- Trusts, Industrial --- Company law --- Corporate law --- Law, Corporation --- Commercial law --- Congresses --- Investor relations&delete& --- Law and legislation --- Law --- E-books --- Congresses. --- Stockholder's voting

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Damages. --- Liability (Law) --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- 347.4 <44> --- AA / International- internationaal --- 347.440 --- 368.610 --- V75 - Obligations : généralités - Algemeen verbintenissenrecht --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Frankrijk --- Contracten (algemeenheden). --- Verzekering tegen financiële verliezen: algemeenheden. --- 347.4 <44> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Frankrijk --- Damages --- Accountability --- Legal responsibility --- Responsibility, Legal --- Responsibility (Law) --- Civil law --- Contracts --- Obligations (Law) --- Injuries (Law) --- Measure of damages --- Accident law --- Compensation (Law) --- Personal injuries --- Set-off and counterclaim --- Torts --- Negligence --- Contracten (algemeenheden) --- Verzekering tegen financiële verliezen: algemeenheden --- Law and legislation --- responsabilité civile --- dommages-intérêts --- droit comparé --- droit international privé --- obligation (droit) --- commerce international

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The emergence of a European private law is one of the great issues on the legal agenda of our time. Among the most prominent initiatives furthering this process is the work of the Commission on European Contract Law. The essays collected in this 2002 volume have their origin within this context. They explore two practically very important topics which had hitherto been largely neglected in comparative legal literature: set-off and 'extinctive' prescription (or limitation of actions). Professor Zimmermann lays the comparative foundations for a common approach which may provide the basis for a set of European principles. At the same time, the essays provide practical examples of the arguments that can be employed in the process of harmonising European private law on a rational basis. They explore topics such as the comparative experiences in the various modern legal systems and the direction in which the international development is heading.

Civil law --- Set-off and counterclaim --- Limitation of actions --- International unification. --- 347.4 <4> --- 347.4 <4> Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- Verbintenissen. Overeenkomsten. Verbintenissenrecht. Obligaties. Contracten--Europa --- Compensation --- Prescription extinctive --- Compensation (Civil law) --- Counterclaim --- Recoupment --- Bills of particulars --- Civil procedure --- Extinguishment of debts --- Limitations, Statute of --- Limitations (Law) --- Statute of limitations --- Actions and defenses --- Prescription (Law) --- Time (Law) --- Law, Civil --- Private law --- Roman law --- International unification --- Law --- General and Others --- Civil law - Europe - International unification. --- Set-off and counterclaim - Europe. --- Limitation of actions - Europe.