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String theory is currently the best candidate for a unified theory of all forces and all forms of matter in nature. As such, it has become a focal point for physical and philosophical discussions. This unique book explores the history of the theory's early stages of development, as told by its main protagonists. The book journeys from the first version of the theory (the so-called dual resonance model) in the late sixties, as an attempt to describe the physics of strong interactions outside the framework of quantum field theory, to its reinterpretation around the mid-seventies as a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces, and its successive developments up to the superstring revolution in 1984. Providing important background information to current debates on the theory, this book is essential reading for students and researchers in physics, as well as historians and philosophers of science.
String models. --- Duality (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Scattering (Physics) --- Models, String --- String theory
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The remarkable recent discovery of the Higgs boson at the CERN Large Hadron Collider completed the Standard Model of particle physics and has paved the way for understanding the physics which may lie beyond it. String/M theory has emerged as a broad framework for describing a plethora of diverse physical systems, which includes condensed matter systems, gravitational systems as well as elementary particle physics interactions. If string/M theory is to be considered as a candidate theory of Nature, it must contain an effectively four-dimensional universe among its solutions that is indistinguishable from our own. In these solutions, the extra dimensions of string/M theory are "compactified" on tiny scales which are often comparable to the Planck length. String phenomenology is the branch of string/M theory that studies such solutions, relates their properties to data, and aims to answer many of the outstanding questions of particle physics beyond the Standard Model. This book contains perspectives on string phenomenology from some of the leading experts in the field. Contributions will range from pedagogical general overviews and perspectives to more technical reviews. We hope that the reader will get a sense of the significant progress that has been made in the field in recent years (e.g. in the topic of moduli stabilization) as well as the topics currently being researched, outstanding problems and some perspectives for the future.
String models. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Physics --- High Energy Physics / Particle Physics
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String theory is one of the most active branches of theoretical physics and has the potential to provide a unified description of all known particles and interactions. This book is a systematic introduction to the subject, focused on the detailed description of how string theory is connected to the real world of particle physics. Aimed at graduate students and researchers working in high energy physics, it provides explicit models of physics beyond the Standard Model. No prior knowledge of string theory is required as all necessary material is provided in the introductory chapters. The book provides particle phenomenologists with the information needed to understand string theory model building and describes in detail several alternative approaches to model building, such as heterotic string compactifications, intersecting D-brane models, D-branes at singularities and F-theory.
String models. --- Science --- Mathematical Physics. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions
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String Theory, first published in 1998, comprises two volumes which provide a comprehensive and pedagogic account of the subject. Volume 2 begins with an introduction to supersymmetric string theories and presents the important advances of recent years. The first three chapters introduce the type I, type II, and heterototic superstring theories and their interactions. The next two chapters present important recent discoveries about strongly coupled strings, beginning with a detailed treatment of D-branes and their dynamics, and covering string duality, M-theory, and black hole entropy. The final chapters are concerned with four-dimensional string theories, showing how some of the simplest string models connect with previous ideas for unifying the Standard Model. They collect many important results on world-sheet and spacetime symmetries. An appendix summarizes the necessary background on fermions and supersymmetry. An essential text and reference for graduate students and researchers interested in superstring theory.
String models. --- Superstring theories. --- Superstrings (Nuclear physics) --- Theories, Superstring --- String models --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Superstring theories
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String Theory comprises two volumes which give a comprehensive and pedagogic account of the subject. Volume 1, first published in 1998, provides a thorough introduction to the bosonic string. The first four chapters introduce the central ideas of string theory, the tools of conformal field theory and of the Polyakov path integral, and the covariant quantization of the string. The next three chapters treat string interactions: the general formalism, and detailed treatments of the tree level and one loop amplitudes. Chapter eight covers toroidal compactification and many important aspects of string physics, such as T-duality and D-branes. Chapter nine treats higher-order amplitudes, including an analysis of their finiteness and unitarity, and various nonperturbative ideas. An appendix giving a short course on path integral methods is included. This is an essential text and reference for graduate students and researchers interested in modern superstring theory.
String models. --- Superstring theories. --- Superstrings (Nuclear physics) --- Theories, Superstring --- String models --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Superstring theories
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Classical string theory is concerned with the propagation of classical 1-dimensional curves 'strings', and the theory has connections to the calculus of variations, minimal surfaces and harmonic maps. The quantization of string theory gives rise to problems in different areas, according to the method used. The representation theory of Lie, Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras have been used for such quantization. In this lecture note the authors give an introduction to certain global analytic and probabilistic aspects of string theory. It is their intention to bring together, and make explicit the necessary mathematical tools. Researchers with an interest in string theory, in either mathematics or theoretical physics, will find this a stimulating volume.
String models --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Mathematics. --- Mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- String models - Mathematics.
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This thesis presents several new insights on the interface between mathematics and theoretical physics, with a central role for Riemann surfaces.
String models. --- Quantum theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions
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This book provides a unified description of magnetic phenomena through means of the generalized susceptibility. The book begins by discussing the general properties of the susceptibility, its complex nature, its symmetry, and its relation to magnetic fluctuations.Next, the quantum basis of magnetic phenomena is established. The bulk of the book builds on this theoretical foundation to calculate the magnetic response to spatial and time-varying magnetic fields. This provides a natural way of thinking about long-range order, critical phenomena, resonance, etc. A new chapter is included which deals with the magnetic properties of thin film magnetic structures which have many potential applications.
Quantum theory. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic susceptibility. --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Susceptibility, Magnetic --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Quantum Physics. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Magnetic materials. --- Quantum physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Materials
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This volume collects the edited tutorial lectures given at The Second International Summer School in High Energy Physics in Mgla, Turkey, in September 2006 - an annual event with international participation and a special focus on work done in the regions of central Asia. With emphasis on the standard model and beyond, lectures were devoted to presenting an introduction and update to many of the relevant topics, such as chiral perturbation theory, the Higgs mechanism, heavy flavour and b physics, CP violation, the AdS/CFT correspondence, ideas on grand unification and neutrino physics and astrophysics.
Standard model (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quantum theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics
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This volume is composed of extensive and detailed notes from the lectures given at the 40th Karpacz Winter School. This school focussed on quantum gravity phenomenology with emphasis on its relation to observational astrophysics and cosmology. These notes have been carefully edited with the aim to give advanced students and young researchers a balanced and accessible introduction to an rather heavily mathematical subject.
Quantum gravity --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- Gravité quantique --- Cosmologie --- Astrophysique --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Physics. --- Relativity (Physics). --- Relativity and Cosmology. --- Physics beyond the Standard Model. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Gravitation. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Properties
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