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Comparative religion --- Religion --- History --- Idols and images --- Histoire --- Idoles et images --- -Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- God --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Iconography --- Images and idols --- Religious images --- Statuettes --- Animism --- Art, Primitive --- Art and religion --- Fetishism --- Magic --- Sculpture, Primitive --- Symbolism --- Gods in art --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History. --- Idols and images. --- -History --- Religious history --- Iconography, Religious --- Religious iconography --- Religious statuettes --- Statuettes, Religious --- Religious art --- Religion - History

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Heirs to the Punic and Berber traditions, the North Africans, once conquered by the Romans and willing to show respect for their new masters’ gods, did not want to forsake their beloved ancestral deities and solved this dilemma by giving Roman names to their traditional gods, who nevertheless kept most of their former natures. This phenomenon, known as interpretatio romana, resulted in an interpenetration of both religious universes, each being enriched in the process. Roman African gods thus conceal dual personalities within themselves, which this book tries to investigate through all available sources (epigraphy, literature, numismatic and archaeology), unveiling many unsuspected aspects of great deities like Saturn/Baal Hammon, Astarte/Venus or Mercury/Baal Addir. If those gods of Roman Africa have inspired many individual studies, there was still a need for a book examining them all together within their interrelations. Here is then at last a real global study of the Roman-African pantheon. *** Héritiers des traditions puniques et berbères, les Nord-africains, à l’arrivée du conquérant romain, voulurent conserver leurs divinités ancestrales tout en respectant les dieux de leur nouveau maître. Ils affublèrent donc de noms romains leurs dieux traditionnels tout en leur conservant l’essentiel de leur personnalité d’origine. Ce phénomène, connu sous le terme d’ , résulta en une interpénétration des deux univers religieux, qui s’enrichirent ainsi mutuellement. Les dieux de l’Afrique romaine cachent donc des personnalités multiples que cet ouvrage tente de dévoiler en mettant à profit toutes les sources disponibles : épigraphie, littérature, numismatique et archéologie. Ces grandes divinités, telles que Saturne/Baal Hammon, Vénus/Astarté ou Mercure/Baal Addir livrent ainsi tour à tour des aspects insoupçonnés de leurs personnalités. Si les dieux d’Afrique romaine ont suscité diverses études individuelles, il manquait encore un ouvrage qui les examinerait tous ensemble et dans leurs rapports entre eux. Voici donc enfin une véritable étude globale du panthéon romano-africain.

Gods, Roman --- Gods, Punic. --- Gods, Roman. --- Religion. --- Carthaginian gods --- Gods, Carthaginian --- Punic gods --- Roman gods --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- God --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Africa (Roman province) --- Africa (Roman Province) --- Afrique (Roman province) --- Afrique --- Gods, Punic --- 292.07 --- Religion Classical Roman --- Dieux puniques --- Dieux romains --- Afrique (Province romaine) --- Religion --- Gods, Roman - Africa (Roman province)

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This volume documents the development of Cretan sanctuaries and associated cults from the end of the Late Bronze Age into the Archaic Period (c.1200–600 BC). The book supplies up-to-date site catalogues and discusses recurring types of sanctuaries, the history of their use and their religious and social functions, offering new insights into the period as a whole. Ancient Crete is known as an island whose religion displays a strong continuity with ‘Minoan’ traditions. The period of 1200–600 BC in general, however, is considered as one of profound socio-political and cultural change. This study explores the idea of ‘continuity’ by detailing the different processes and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of older cult traditions and provides balance by placing the observed changes in cult customs and the use of sanctuaries in the broader context of societal change.

Shrines --- Sanctuaires --- Crete (Greece) --- Crète (Grèce) --- Religion. --- Antiquities. --- Religion --- Antiquités --- 292 --- Religion Classical Greek and Roman --- Crète (Grèce) --- Antiquités --- Sacred space --- Pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Candia (Greece) --- Creta (Greece) --- Girit (Greece) --- Girit Adasi (Greece) --- Kirid (Greece) --- Krit (Greece) --- Kreta (Greece) --- Krētē (Greece) --- Kríti (Greece) --- Nísos Kríti (Greece) --- I Keretim (Greece) --- I Kritim (Greece) --- Periphereia Krētēs (Greece) --- Periféreia Krítis (Greece) --- Region of Crete (Greece) --- Crete --- Greece --- Antiquities --- Shrines. --- Archaeological specimens --- Artefacts (Antiquities) --- Artifacts (Antiquities) --- Specimens, Archaeological --- Material culture --- Archaeology --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Shrines - Greece - Crete.

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These two volumes collect some of the most influential and important scholarly essays by the late Morton Smith (1915-1991), for many years Professor of Ancient History at Columbia University in New York City. Smith was admired and feared for his extraordinary ability to look at familiar texts in unfamiliar ways, to re-open old questions, to pose new questions, and to demolish received truths. He practiced the 'hermeneutics of suspicion' to devastating effect. His answers are not always convincing but his questions cannot be ignored. The essays of Volume I center on the Hebrew Bible ('Old Testament'), Ancient Israel and Ancient Judaism, of Volume II on the Christian Bible ('New Testament'), Early Christianity and Ancient Magic. Volume II also contains an assessment of Smith's scholarly achievement and a complete list of his publications.

Jews --- Judaism --- Juifs --- Judaïsme --- History --- Histoire --- Middle East --- Moyen-Orient --- Religion --- 22.08*4 --- 22.08*01 --- -296.09 --- Bijbelse theologie: cultus --- Bijbelse theologie: God; Godsleer --- -Religion Judaism History --- 22.08*01 Bijbelse theologie: God; Godsleer --- 22.08*4 Bijbelse theologie: cultus --- -Judaism --- Religions --- Semites --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- -History --- Religion. --- To 70 A.D. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Religion, Primitive --- Irreligion --- Theology --- Jewish question --- To 70 --- Middle East. --- Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- Atheism --- -Middle East

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The polytheistic religious systems of ancient Greece and Rome reveal an imaginative attitude towards the construction of the divine. One of the most important instruments in this process was certainly the visualisation. Images of the gods transformed the divine world into a visually experienceable entity, comprehensible even without a theoretical or theological superstructure. For the illiterates, images were together with oral traditions and rituals the only possibility to approach the idea of the divine; for the intellectuals, images of the gods could be allegorically transcended symbols to reflect upon. Based on the art historical and textual evidence, this volume offers a fresh view on the historical, literary, and artistic significance of divine images as powerful visual media of religious and intellectual communication.

Idols and images --- Idoles et images --- Greece --- Rome --- Grèce --- Religion. --- Religion --- 292.211 --- Religion Classical Greek and Roman Gods, goddesses, divinities and deities --- Grèce --- Iconography --- Images and idols --- Religious images --- Statuettes --- Animism --- Art, Primitive --- Art and religion --- Fetishism --- Magic --- Sculpture, Primitive --- Symbolism --- Gods in art --- Antike. --- Bild Gottes --- Gottesdarstellung. --- Idols and images. --- Kultbild --- Kultbild. --- Kultbilder --- Greece. --- Grekland --- Griechenland (Altertum). --- Griechenland. --- Rome (Empire). --- Romerska riket --- Römisches Reich. --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Iconography, Religious --- Religious iconography --- Religious statuettes --- Statuettes, Religious --- Religious art --- Rome (Empire) --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Italy --- al-Yūnān --- Ancient Greece --- Ellada --- Ellas --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grčija --- Grecia --- Gret͡sii͡ --- Griechenland --- Hellada --- Hellas --- Hellenic Republic --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Kingdom of Greece --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Xila --- Yaṿan --- Yūnān --- Idols and images - Greece --- Idols and images - Rome --- Greece - Religion --- Rome - Religion