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"In decades past, in their analysis of the objective of post-Mao legal reform, Chinese and foreign observers generally agreed: the country was on its way to some form of the rule of law, or fazhi (法治). Throughout the 1990s and the early 2000s, it even seemed that both sides shared broad agreement on the fundamental elements of this term. Legal education and the legal profession were given considerable support, legislative and judicial processes became increasingly professionalised, and rule of law-related concepts entered the meticulously curated jargon of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ideology. Yet by the second half of the Hu Jintao administration, the momentum of reform gradually changed direction. Hu's security czar, Zhou Yongkang, presided over the rapid expansion of a security apparatus (Wang & Minzner 2015). Formal litigation increasingly made way for non-judicial conflict resolution methods such as mediation and arbitration (Liebman 2011; Minzner 2013), manifested in a renewed attention to the 'Ma Xiwu' method of dispute settlement (Zang 2010; Liebman 2011)"--

LAW--POLITICAL ASPECTS--CHINA --- POLITICAL PARTIES--LAW AND LEGISLATION--CHINA --- Political parties --- Law --- Partis politiques --- Droit et politique --- Law and legislation --- Political aspects --- Droit --- Aspect politique. --- Zhongguo gong chan dang. --- Parti communiste chinois.

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"This is the first book of its kind that employs hundreds of Chinese sources to explain the history and current state of Chinese Communist intelligence operations. It profiles the leaders, top spies, and important operations in the history of China's espionage organs, and links to an extensive online glossary of Chinese language intelligence and security terms. This work allows the reader an unprecedented view into the murky world of Chinese espionage both past and present, enabling a better understanding of how pervasive and important is its influence both in China and abroad"--

Espionage, Chinese --- Espionage, Communist --- Espionage --- Intelligence service --- History --- China. --- Zhongguo gong chan dang --- Zhong guo gong chan dang --- Chung-kuo kung chʻan tang --- Chūgoku Kyōsantō --- Chungguk Kongsandang --- 中国共产党 --- 中國共產黨 --- КПК --- KPK --- Komunistická strana Číny --- Komunistička partija Kine --- Communist Party of China --- Chinese Communist Party --- Communist Party (China) --- Gong chan dang (China) --- 共产党 (China) --- Коммунистическая партия Китая --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ Kitai︠a︡ --- Shina Kyōsantō --- Китайска комунистическа партия --- Kitaĭska komunisticheska partii︠a︡ --- Partido Comunista de China --- PCCh --- Parti communiste chinois --- CCP --- Partito comunista cinese --- KPCh --- Kommunistische Partei Chinas --- К.П.К. --- K.P.K. --- CPC --- C.C.P. --- Partia Komuniste të Kinës --- Đảng cộng sản Trung quốc --- Zhong gong --- 中共 --- Pcc --- P.C. Chino --- ХКН --- KhKN --- Хятадын Коммунист нам --- Khi︠a︡tadyn Kommunist nam --- China (People's Republic of China, 1949- ). --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo gong an bu --- 中囯. --- 中国. --- 中國. --- History. --- Counter intelligence --- Counterespionage --- Counterintelligence --- Intelligence community --- Secret police (Intelligence service) --- Public administration --- Research --- Disinformation --- Secret service --- Covert operations (Espionage) --- Operations, Undercover (Espionage) --- Spying --- Undercover operations (Espionage) --- Spies --- Communist espionage --- Chinese espionage --- S06/0280 --- China: Politics and government--State security and intelligence --- ESPIONAGE, CHINESE HISTORY --- ESPIONAGE, COMMUNIST--HISTORY --- INTELLIGENCE SERVICE--CHINA--HISTORY