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SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY --- RADICALISM

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Hamed El-Said investigates the emergence of new, 'soft' approaches to counter violent extremists, generally known as counter radicalization and deradicalization programmes (Counter-de-Rad). This is the first work to develop a holistic framework which will allow policy makers and practitioners to better understand conditions conducive to violent extremism, and to better design and effectively implement such programmes in the future. This book, supported and facilitated by a wealth of primary research and consideration of all stakeholders, addresses cultural and legal differences between countries while developing its holistic approach. In addition, the research focuses on and identifies conditions conducive to either the success or the failure of Counter-de-Rad programmes. Finally, it provides a new, broader approach to evaluate the performance of such programmes, one that goes beyond the current narrow models which treat recidivism rates as the main indicator of success or failure.

Terrorism --- Radicalism --- Prevention --- RadicalismPrevention --- Terrorism - Prevention --- Radicalism - Prevention

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TERRORISM--PAKISTAN--PREVENTION --- RADICALISM--PAKISTAN--PREVENTION

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As established centrist parties across the Western world continue to decline, commentators continue to fail to account for the far-right's growth, for its strategies and its overall objectives. This book examines the far-right's ascendancy, uniquely tracing its history from the end of the Cold War, revealing how its different dimensions have led to a series of contradictory strategies and positions that often leave their overall significance unclear. From the United States to Russia and from Britain across Europe to Greece, the author's analysis reveals that the left's failure to mount a radical alternative to the prevailing order has allowed the far-right to move in and provide an avenue for discontent and for change. Crucially though, this avenue hasn't necessarily offered a definite alternative to the status quo as yet, meaning there is still a chance to change its significance in the wider global order.

Right-wing extremists --- Radicalism --- World politics --- RIGHT-WING EXTREMISTS

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The lethal attacks in Paris of January and November 2015 demonstrated the threat posed by militant Islamist extremism in Europe. While the death of Osama bin Laden and the advent of the Arab Spring fed expectations that international jihadism was a spent force, Europe is still facing an increase in terrorist plotting. This has led to growing security concerns over the fallout of the Syrian conflict, and the sizeable contingents of battle-hardened European foreign fighters. This book provides a comprehensive account of the rise of jihadist militancy in Europe and offers a detailed background for understanding the current and future threat. Based on a wide range of new primary sources, it traces the phenomenon back to the late 1980s, and the formation of jihadist support networks in Europe in the early 1990s. Combining analytical rigour with empirical richness, the book offers a comprehensive account of patterns of terrorist cell formation and plots between 1994 and 2015. In contrast to existing research which has emphasised social explanations, failed immigration and homegrown radicalism, this book highlights the transnational aspects. It shows how jihadi terrorism in Europe is intrinsically linked to and reflects the ideological agendas of armed organizations in conflict zones, and how entrepreneurial jihad-veterans facilitate such transnationalization of militancy.

Terrorism --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Radicalism --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- RadicalismReligious aspects --- Terrorism - Europe --- Islamic fundamentalism - Europe --- Terrorism - Religious aspects - Islam --- Radicalism - Europe